a lot!

.cargo/config.toml

@@ -1,3 +1,9 @@
 [target.x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu]
 linker = "clang"
-rustflags = ["-C", "link-arg=-fuse-ld=/usr/bin/mold"]
+rustflags = [
+  "-Clink-arg=-fuse-ld=mold",
+
+  # Nightly
+  "-Zshare-generics=y",
+  "-Zthreads=0",
+]

crates/game/Cargo.toml

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 [package]
 name = "game"
 version = "0.1.0"
-edition = "2021"
+edition = "2024"
 
 [dependencies]
 winit = { workspace = true }
@@ -15,4 +15,4 @@ renderer = { path = "../renderer" }
 
 egui = { workspace = true }
 egui_winit_platform = { workspace = true }
-egui_demo_lib = "0.30.0"
+egui_demo_lib = "0.32"

crates/game/src/main.rs

@@ -1,8 +1,7 @@
-#![feature(result_flattening)]
 use std::collections::BTreeMap;
 
 use rand::{Rng, SeedableRng};
-use renderer::{render_graph, swapchain::WindowSurface, Renderer2};
+use renderer::{Renderer2, render_graph, swapchain::WindowSurface};
 use tracing::info;
 use tracing_subscriber::EnvFilter;
 use winit::{
@@ -95,7 +94,7 @@ impl WinitState {
                 use renderer::device::DeviceOwned;
                 let [r, g, b]: [f32; 3] =
                     rand::prelude::StdRng::seed_from_u64(window.surface.surface.handle().as_raw())
-                        .gen();
+                        .random();
                 render_graph::clear_pass(rg, renderer::util::Rgba([r, g, b, 1.0]), framebuffer);
                 egui_pre_pass(
                     &dev,

crates/renderer/Cargo.toml

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 [package]
 name = "renderer"
 version = "0.1.0"
-edition = "2021"
+edition = "2024"
 
 [dependencies]
 tinyvec = { workspace = true }

crates/renderer/shaders/compile.sh

@@ -6,3 +6,7 @@ SLANGC="/opt/shader-slang-bin/bin/slangc"
 
 $SLANGC egui.slang -profile glsl_450 -target spirv -o egui_vert.spv -entry vertex
 $SLANGC egui.slang -profile glsl_450 -target spirv -o egui_frag.spv -entry fragment
+$SLANGC egui.slang -profile glsl_450 -target spirv -entry vertex -entry fragment -o egui.spv
+$SLANGC wireframe.slang -profile glsl_450 -target spirv -entry vertex -entry fragment -o wireframe.spv
+$SLANGC font.slang -profile glsl_450 -target spirv -entry vertex -entry fragment -o font.spv
+$SLANGC font.slang -profile glsl_450 -target spirv -entry mesh -entry task -entry fragment_barycentric  -o font_mesh.spv

crates/renderer/shaders/font.slang

@@ -0,0 +1,134 @@
+
+struct VertexIn {
+	[[vk::layout(0)]] float2 pos;
+}
+struct VertexOut {
+	[[vk::layout(0)]] float4 color;
+	float4 position : SV_Position;
+}
+
+struct PushConstant {
+    float2 screen_size;
+    float2 position;
+    float size;
+}
+
+[[vk::push_constant]]
+ConstantBuffer<PushConstant> push_constant;
+
+[shader("vertex")]
+VertexOut vertex(VertexIn vertex) {
+	VertexOut output;
+
+	output.position = float4(
+        2.0 * (push_constant.position.x + vertex.pos.x * push_constant.size) /
+        push_constant.screen_size.x - 1.0,
+        2.0 * (push_constant.position.y + vertex.pos.y * push_constant.size) /
+        push_constant.screen_size.y - 1.0,
+        0.0,
+        1.0,
+    );
+	output.color = float4(1.0, 1.0, 0.0, 1.0);
+
+	return output;
+}
+
+struct FragmentOut {
+    float4 color : SV_Target;
+}
+
+[shader("fragment")]
+FragmentOut fragment(VertexOut input, float3 bary: SV_BARYCENTRICS) {
+    FragmentOut output;
+
+    output.color = input.color;
+	return output;
+}
+
+
+
+struct GlyphDesc {
+	uint vertex_offset;
+	uint index_offset;
+	uint vertex_count;
+	uint index_count;
+}
+
+static const uint SOLID = 0;
+static const uint CONVEX = 0;
+static const uint CONCAVE = 0;
+
+struct MeshOut {
+	float4 pos : SV_Position;
+}
+
+struct MeshInvocation {
+	uint glyph_id;
+	uint vertex_triangle_offsets;
+}
+
+struct MeshIn {
+	MeshInvocation glyph_id[32];
+}
+struct PrimOut {
+	uint kind : BLENDINDICES0;
+}
+
+[[vk::binding(0)]]
+StructuredBuffer<GlyphDesc> glyphs;
+
+[[vk::binding(1)]]
+StructuredBuffer<uint> glyphs_ids;
+
+[shader("mesh")]
+[numthreads(32, 1, 1)]
+[outputtopology("triangle")]
+void mesh(uint3 gid: SV_GroupID, // dispatched group id
+          uint3 tid: SV_GroupThreadID, // global thread id
+          uint ti: SV_GroupIndex, // local group thread index
+          out indices uint3 triangles[126],
+          out vertices MeshOut vertices[64],
+          out primitives PrimOut attr[126],
+          in MeshIn mesh,
+) {
+
+	SetMeshOutputCounts(0, 0);
+// we have a limited number of verts/triangles we can output
+// if a glyph exceeds the 126 triangles/64 verts limit, then we need more than
+// one thread building geometry.
+// all threads sharing one glyph should be in the same subgroup/wave.
+}
+
+struct FragmentIn2 {
+	float4 pos : SV_Position;
+	sample float3 bary : SV_BARYCENTRICS;
+	uint kind : BLENDINDICES0;
+}
+
+float2 computeUV(const float3 bary)
+{
+    const float u = bary.x * 0 + bary.y * 0.5f + bary.z * 1;
+    const float v = bary.x * 0 + bary.y * 0.0f + bary.z * 1;
+    return float2(u, v);
+}
+
+float computeQuadraticBezierFunction(const float2 uv)
+{
+    return uv.x * uv.x - uv.y;
+}
+
+[shader("fragment")]
+FragmentOut fragment_barycentric(FragmentIn2 input) {
+    const uint kind = input.kind;
+    const float2 uv = computeUV(input.bary);
+    const float sign = computeQuadraticBezierFunction(uv);
+
+    if ((kind == CONVEX) && sign > 0.0f || (kind == CONCAVE) && sign < 0.0f) {
+        discard;
+    }
+
+    FragmentOut output;
+    output.color = float4(1.0, 0.0, 0.0, 1.0);
+
+	return output;
+}

crates/renderer/shaders/shader_builder/build.zig

@@ -0,0 +1,115 @@
+const std = @import("std");
+
+// Although this function looks imperative, note that its job is to
+// declaratively construct a build graph that will be executed by an external
+// runner.
+pub fn build(b: *std.Build) void {
+    // Standard target options allows the person running `zig build` to choose
+    // what target to build for. Here we do not override the defaults, which
+    // means any target is allowed, and the default is native. Other options
+    // for restricting supported target set are available.
+    const target = b.standardTargetOptions(.{});
+
+    // Standard optimization options allow the person running `zig build` to select
+    // between Debug, ReleaseSafe, ReleaseFast, and ReleaseSmall. Here we do not
+    // set a preferred release mode, allowing the user to decide how to optimize.
+    const optimize = b.standardOptimizeOption(.{});
+
+    // This creates a "module", which represents a collection of source files alongside
+    // some compilation options, such as optimization mode and linked system libraries.
+    // Every executable or library we compile will be based on one or more modules.
+    const lib_mod = b.createModule(.{
+        // `root_source_file` is the Zig "entry point" of the module. If a module
+        // only contains e.g. external object files, you can make this `null`.
+        // In this case the main source file is merely a path, however, in more
+        // complicated build scripts, this could be a generated file.
+        .root_source_file = b.path("src/root.zig"),
+        .target = target,
+        .optimize = optimize,
+    });
+
+    // We will also create a module for our other entry point, 'main.zig'.
+    const exe_mod = b.createModule(.{
+        // `root_source_file` is the Zig "entry point" of the module. If a module
+        // only contains e.g. external object files, you can make this `null`.
+        // In this case the main source file is merely a path, however, in more
+        // complicated build scripts, this could be a generated file.
+        .root_source_file = b.path("src/main.zig"),
+        .target = target,
+        .optimize = optimize,
+    });
+
+    // Modules can depend on one another using the `std.Build.Module.addImport` function.
+    // This is what allows Zig source code to use `@import("foo")` where 'foo' is not a
+    // file path. In this case, we set up `exe_mod` to import `lib_mod`.
+    exe_mod.addImport("shader_builder_lib", lib_mod);
+
+    // Now, we will create a static library based on the module we created above.
+    // This creates a `std.Build.Step.Compile`, which is the build step responsible
+    // for actually invoking the compiler.
+    const lib = b.addStaticLibrary(.{
+        .name = "shader_builder",
+        .root_module = lib_mod,
+    });
+
+    // This declares intent for the library to be installed into the standard
+    // location when the user invokes the "install" step (the default step when
+    // running `zig build`).
+    b.installArtifact(lib);
+
+    // This creates another `std.Build.Step.Compile`, but this one builds an executable
+    // rather than a static library.
+    const exe = b.addExecutable(.{
+        .name = "shader_builder",
+        .root_module = exe_mod,
+    });
+
+    // This declares intent for the executable to be installed into the
+    // standard location when the user invokes the "install" step (the default
+    // step when running `zig build`).
+    b.installArtifact(exe);
+
+    // This *creates* a Run step in the build graph, to be executed when another
+    // step is evaluated that depends on it. The next line below will establish
+    // such a dependency.
+    const run_cmd = b.addRunArtifact(exe);
+
+    // By making the run step depend on the install step, it will be run from the
+    // installation directory rather than directly from within the cache directory.
+    // This is not necessary, however, if the application depends on other installed
+    // files, this ensures they will be present and in the expected location.
+    run_cmd.step.dependOn(b.getInstallStep());
+
+    // This allows the user to pass arguments to the application in the build
+    // command itself, like this: `zig build run -- arg1 arg2 etc`
+    if (b.args) |args| {
+        run_cmd.addArgs(args);
+    }
+
+    // This creates a build step. It will be visible in the `zig build --help` menu,
+    // and can be selected like this: `zig build run`
+    // This will evaluate the `run` step rather than the default, which is "install".
+    const run_step = b.step("run", "Run the app");
+    run_step.dependOn(&run_cmd.step);
+
+    // Creates a step for unit testing. This only builds the test executable
+    // but does not run it.
+    const lib_unit_tests = b.addTest(.{
+        .root_module = lib_mod,
+    });
+
+    const run_lib_unit_tests = b.addRunArtifact(lib_unit_tests);
+
+    const exe_unit_tests = b.addTest(.{
+        .root_module = exe_mod,
+    });
+
+    const run_exe_unit_tests = b.addRunArtifact(exe_unit_tests);
+
+    // Similar to creating the run step earlier, this exposes a `test` step to
+    // the `zig build --help` menu, providing a way for the user to request
+    // running the unit tests.
+    const test_step = b.step("test", "Run unit tests");
+    test_step.dependOn(&run_lib_unit_tests.step);
+    test_step.dependOn(&run_exe_unit_tests.step);
+}

crates/renderer/shaders/shader_builder/build.zig.zon

@@ -0,0 +1,73 @@
+.{
+    // This is the default name used by packages depending on this one. For
+    // example, when a user runs `zig fetch --save <url>`, this field is used
+    // as the key in the `dependencies` table. Although the user can choose a
+    // different name, most users will stick with this provided value.
+    //
+    // It is redundant to include "zig" in this name because it is already
+    // within the Zig package namespace.
+    .name = "shader_builder",
+
+    // This is a [Semantic Version](https://semver.org/).
+    // In a future version of Zig it will be used for package deduplication.
+    .version = "0.0.0",
+
+    // This field is optional.
+    // This is currently advisory only; Zig does not yet do anything
+    // with this value.
+    //.minimum_zig_version = "0.11.0",
+
+    // This field is optional.
+    // Each dependency must either provide a `url` and `hash`, or a `path`.
+    // `zig build --fetch` can be used to fetch all dependencies of a package, recursively.
+    // Once all dependencies are fetched, `zig build` no longer requires
+    // internet connectivity.
+    .dependencies = .{
+        // See `zig fetch --save <url>` for a command-line interface for adding dependencies.
+        //.example = .{
+        //    // When updating this field to a new URL, be sure to delete the corresponding
+        //    // `hash`, otherwise you are communicating that you expect to find the old hash at
+        //    // the new URL. If the contents of a URL change this will result in a hash mismatch
+        //    // which will prevent zig from using it.
+        //    .url = "https://example.com/foo.tar.gz",
+        //
+        //    // This is computed from the file contents of the directory of files that is
+        //    // obtained after fetching `url` and applying the inclusion rules given by
+        //    // `paths`.
+        //    //
+        //    // This field is the source of truth; packages do not come from a `url`; they
+        //    // come from a `hash`. `url` is just one of many possible mirrors for how to
+        //    // obtain a package matching this `hash`.
+        //    //
+        //    // Uses the [multihash](https://multiformats.io/multihash/) format.
+        //    .hash = "...",
+        //
+        //    // When this is provided, the package is found in a directory relative to the
+        //    // build root. In this case the package's hash is irrelevant and therefore not
+        //    // computed. This field and `url` are mutually exclusive.
+        //    .path = "foo",
+        //
+        //    // When this is set to `true`, a package is declared to be lazily
+        //    // fetched. This makes the dependency only get fetched if it is
+        //    // actually used.
+        //    .lazy = false,
+        //},
+    },
+
+    // Specifies the set of files and directories that are included in this package.
+    // Only files and directories listed here are included in the `hash` that
+    // is computed for this package. Only files listed here will remain on disk
+    // when using the zig package manager. As a rule of thumb, one should list
+    // files required for compilation plus any license(s).
+    // Paths are relative to the build root. Use the empty string (`""`) to refer to
+    // the build root itself.
+    // A directory listed here means that all files within, recursively, are included.
+    .paths = .{
+        "build.zig",
+        "build.zig.zon",
+        "src",
+        // For example...
+        //"LICENSE",
+        //"README.md",
+    },
+}

crates/renderer/shaders/shader_builder/src/main.zig

@@ -0,0 +1,45 @@
+//! By convention, main.zig is where your main function lives in the case that
+//! you are building an executable. If you are making a library, the convention
+//! is to delete this file and start with root.zig instead.
+
+pub fn main() !void {
+    // Prints to stderr (it's a shortcut based on `std.io.getStdErr()`)
+    std.debug.print("All your {s} are belong to us.\n", .{"codebase"});
+
+    // stdout is for the actual output of your application, for example if you
+    // are implementing gzip, then only the compressed bytes should be sent to
+    // stdout, not any debugging messages.
+    const stdout_file = std.io.getStdOut().writer();
+    var bw = std.io.bufferedWriter(stdout_file);
+    const stdout = bw.writer();
+
+    try stdout.print("Run `zig build test` to run the tests.\n", .{});
+
+    try bw.flush(); // Don't forget to flush!
+}
+
+test "simple test" {
+    var list = std.ArrayList(i32).init(std.testing.allocator);
+    defer list.deinit(); // Try commenting this out and see if zig detects the memory leak!
+    try list.append(42);
+    try std.testing.expectEqual(@as(i32, 42), list.pop());
+}
+
+test "use other module" {
+    try std.testing.expectEqual(@as(i32, 150), lib.add(100, 50));
+}
+
+test "fuzz example" {
+    const global = struct {
+        fn testOne(input: []const u8) anyerror!void {
+            // Try passing `--fuzz` to `zig build test` and see if it manages to fail this test case!
+            try std.testing.expect(!std.mem.eql(u8, "canyoufindme", input));
+        }
+    };
+    try std.testing.fuzz(global.testOne, .{});
+}
+
+const std = @import("std");
+
+/// This imports the separate module containing `root.zig`. Take a look in `build.zig` for details.
+const lib = @import("shader_builder_lib");

crates/renderer/shaders/shader_builder/src/root.zig

@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+//! By convention, root.zig is the root source file when making a library. If
+//! you are making an executable, the convention is to delete this file and
+//! start with main.zig instead.
+const std = @import("std");
+const testing = std.testing;
+
+pub export fn add(a: i32, b: i32) i32 {
+    return a + b;
+}
+
+test "basic add functionality" {
+    try testing.expect(add(3, 7) == 10);
+}

crates/renderer/src/commands.rs

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-use std::sync::{atomic::AtomicU8, Arc};
+use std::sync::{Arc, atomic::AtomicU8};
 
 use crate::{
     define_device_owned_handle,
@@ -63,11 +63,11 @@ impl SingleUseCommandPool {
         &self.queue
     }
 
-    /// get the underlying pool, bypassing the mutex
+    // /// get the underlying pool, bypassing the mutex
-    #[allow(dead_code)]
+    // #[allow(dead_code)]
-    pub unsafe fn pool(&self) -> vk::CommandPool {
+    // pub unsafe fn pool(&self) -> vk::CommandPool {
-        self.pool.data_ptr().read()
+    //     self.pool.data_ptr().read()
-    }
+    // }
 }
 
 pub trait HasQueue: DeviceOwned<vk::CommandBuffer> {
@@ -643,11 +643,10 @@ mod command_pools {
     use thread_local::ThreadLocal;
 
     use crate::{
-        define_device_owned_handle,
+        Queue, define_device_owned_handle,
         device::{Device, DeviceOwned},
         sync,
         util::MutexExt,
-        Queue,
     };
 
     #[derive(Debug, thiserror::Error)]

crates/renderer/src/debug.rs

@@ -1,12 +1,14 @@
 use ash::vk;
-use tracing::{event, Level};
+use tracing::{Level, event};
 
+/// # Safety
+/// `str` must be a valid null-terminated C string or null.
 unsafe fn str_from_raw_parts<'a>(str: *const i8) -> std::borrow::Cow<'a, str> {
     use std::{borrow::Cow, ffi};
     if str.is_null() {
         Cow::from("")
     } else {
-        ffi::CStr::from_ptr(str).to_string_lossy()
+        unsafe { ffi::CStr::from_ptr(str).to_string_lossy() }
     }
 }
 
@@ -17,11 +19,19 @@ pub(super) unsafe extern "system" fn debug_callback(
     user_data: *mut core::ffi::c_void,
 ) -> vk::Bool32 {
     _ = user_data;
-    let callback_data = *callback_data;
+    // SAFETY:
+    // - `callback_data` is a valid pointer to `DebugUtilsMessengerCallbackDataEXT`.
+    // - `p_message_id_name` is a valid null-terminated C string or NULL.
+    // - `p_message` is a valid null-terminated C string or NULL.
+    let (message_id_number, message_id_name, message) = unsafe {
+        let callback_data = &*callback_data;
+
         let message_id_number = callback_data.message_id_number;
 
         let message_id_name = str_from_raw_parts(callback_data.p_message_id_name);
         let message = str_from_raw_parts(callback_data.p_message);
+        (message_id_number, message_id_name, message)
+    };
 
     match message_severity {
         vk::DebugUtilsMessageSeverityFlagsEXT::ERROR => {

crates/renderer/src/device.rs

@@ -12,11 +12,11 @@ use ash::{
     vk::{self, Handle},
 };
 use raw_window_handle::RawDisplayHandle;
-use tinyvec::{array_vec, ArrayVec};
+use tinyvec::{ArrayVec, array_vec};
 
 use crate::{
-    make_extention_properties, sync, Error, ExtendsDeviceProperties2Debug, Instance,
+    Error, ExtendsDeviceProperties2Debug, Instance, PhysicalDevice, PhysicalDeviceFeatures,
-    PhysicalDevice, PhysicalDeviceFeatures, PhysicalDeviceProperties, Queue, Result, VkNameList,
+    PhysicalDeviceProperties, Queue, Result, VkNameList, make_extention_properties, sync,
 };
 
 #[derive(Debug, Default)]
@@ -26,6 +26,7 @@ pub struct DeviceQueueFamilies {
     pub(crate) present: (u32, u32),
     pub(crate) async_compute: (u32, u32),
     pub(crate) transfer: (u32, u32),
+    #[expect(dead_code)]
     pub(crate) properties: Box<[vk::QueueFamilyProperties]>,
 }
 

crates/renderer/src/egui.rs

@@ -4,17 +4,17 @@ use ash::{prelude::VkResult, vk};
 use indexmap::IndexMap;
 
 use crate::{
+    EguiState,
     buffers::{Buffer, BufferDesc},
     commands::traits::CommandBufferExt,
     device::{self, DeviceOwned},
     images::{Image, ImageDesc, ImageViewDesc},
     render_graph::{
-        buffer_barrier, image_barrier, Access, Barrier, GraphResourceDesc, GraphResourceId,
+        Access, Barrier, GraphResourceDesc, GraphResourceId, PassDesc, RecordFn, RenderContext,
-        PassDesc, RecordFn, RenderContext, RenderGraph,
+        RenderGraph, buffer_barrier, image_barrier,
     },
     texture,
     util::Rect2D,
-    EguiState,
 };
 
 pub fn egui_pre_pass(
@@ -77,7 +77,7 @@ pub fn egui_pre_pass(
                 delta.image.width() as u32,
                 delta.image.height() as u32,
             ));
-            buffer = buffer + bytes;
+            buffer += bytes;
 
             (buffer, image)
         },
@@ -125,7 +125,7 @@ pub fn egui_pre_pass(
         let mut staging_map = staging_buffer.map()?;
         let mut offset = 0;
 
-        let aliased_images = output
+        output
             .textures_delta
             .set
             .iter()
@@ -144,12 +144,6 @@ pub fn egui_pre_pass(
                         };
                         mem[..slice.len()].copy_from_slice(slice);
                     }
-                    egui::ImageData::Font(font_image) => {
-                        for (i, c) in font_image.srgba_pixels(None).enumerate() {
-                            let bytes = c.to_array();
-                            mem[i * 4..(i + 1) * 4].copy_from_slice(&bytes);
-                        }
-                    }
                 }
 
                 let old_offset = offset;
@@ -162,11 +156,9 @@ pub fn egui_pre_pass(
                 );
                 (*id, (old_offset, bytes, rect))
             })
-            .collect::<BTreeMap<_, _>>();
+            .collect::<BTreeMap<_, _>>()
 
         // let tessellated = egui.tessellate(output.shapes, output.pixels_per_point);
-
-        aliased_images
     };
 
     let textures = output
@@ -206,8 +198,7 @@ pub fn egui_pre_pass(
                 tracing::trace!(
                     "record-prepass: fetching alias of prepass staging image id={id:?}"
                 );
-                let alias = unsafe {
+                let alias = staging_image.get_alias(ImageDesc {
-                    staging_image.get_alias(ImageDesc {
                     name: Some(format!("egui-prepass-staging-aliased-{id:?}v").into()),
                     format: vk::Format::R8G8B8A8_UNORM,
                     extent: vk::Extent3D {
@@ -215,12 +206,10 @@ pub fn egui_pre_pass(
                         height: rect.height() as u32,
                         depth: 1,
                     },
-                        usage: vk::ImageUsageFlags::TRANSFER_SRC
+                    usage: vk::ImageUsageFlags::TRANSFER_SRC | vk::ImageUsageFlags::TRANSFER_DST,
-                            | vk::ImageUsageFlags::TRANSFER_DST,
                     queue_families: device::QueueFlags::empty(),
                     ..Default::default()
-                    })?
+                })?;
-                };
 
                 let texture = textures.get(&id).and_then(|id| ctx.get_image(*id)).unwrap();
 
@@ -381,8 +370,8 @@ pub fn egui_pre_pass(
         ]
         .to_vec(),
         writes: textures
-            .iter()
+            .values()
-            .map(|(_, id)| {
+            .map(|id| {
                 (
                     *id,
                     Access {
@@ -398,6 +387,7 @@ pub fn egui_pre_pass(
 }
 
 // fn egui_pass()
+#[allow(clippy::too_many_arguments)]
 pub fn egui_pass(
     dev: &device::Device,
     rg: &mut RenderGraph,
@@ -535,8 +525,8 @@ pub fn egui_pass(
         .values()
         .map(|entry| {
             let texture = texture_handler.get_texture(entry.id).unwrap();
-            let info = vk::DescriptorImageInfo {
+            vk::DescriptorImageInfo {
-                sampler: samplers.get_sampler(entry.into_sampler_desc()).unwrap(),
+                sampler: samplers.get_sampler(entry.as_sampler_desc()).unwrap(),
                 image_view: texture
                     .get_view(ImageViewDesc {
                         kind: vk::ImageViewType::TYPE_2D,
@@ -548,9 +538,7 @@ pub fn egui_pass(
                     })
                     .unwrap(),
                 image_layout: vk::ImageLayout::SHADER_READ_ONLY_OPTIMAL,
-            };
+            }
-
-            info
         })
         .collect::<Vec<_>>();
 

crates/renderer/src/images.rs

@@ -276,10 +276,12 @@ impl Image {
             .unwrap_or_else(|| self.clone())
     }
 
-    pub unsafe fn get_alias(self: &Arc<Self>, desc: ImageDesc) -> VkResult<Arc<Self>> {
+    // TODO: figure out how to make this safer
-        self.get_parent_or_self().get_alias_inner(desc)
+    pub fn get_alias(self: &Arc<Self>, desc: ImageDesc) -> VkResult<Arc<Self>> {
+        unsafe { self.get_parent_or_self().get_alias_inner(desc) }
     }
 
+    /// # Safety
     /// must only be called on the primogenitor of an image.
     /// get the primogenitor with [`Self::get_parent_or_self()`]
     unsafe fn get_alias_inner(self: Arc<Self>, desc: ImageDesc) -> VkResult<Arc<Image>> {

crates/renderer/src/lib.rs

@@ -1,7 +1,5 @@
 #![feature(
-    c_str_module,
     closure_lifetime_binder,
-    let_chains,
     negative_impls,
     map_try_insert,
     debug_closure_helpers,
@@ -15,9 +13,9 @@ use raw_window_handle::{RawDisplayHandle, RawWindowHandle};
 use parking_lot::{Mutex, MutexGuard};
 
 use ash::{
+    Entry,
     prelude::VkResult,
     vk::{self},
-    Entry,
 };
 use dyn_clone::DynClone;
 
@@ -44,7 +42,7 @@ use device::{Device, DeviceOwned, DeviceQueueFamilies};
 mod texture {
     use std::{collections::BTreeMap, sync::Arc};
 
-    use crate::{def_monotonic_id, images::Image, Device};
+    use crate::{Device, def_monotonic_id, images::Image};
 
     def_monotonic_id!(pub TextureId);
 
@@ -318,13 +316,10 @@ impl PhysicalDeviceFeatures {
     }
 
     fn supports_extension(&self, e: &vk::ExtensionProperties) -> bool {
-        self.device_extensions
+        self.device_extensions.iter().any(|ext| {
-            .iter()
-            .find(|ext| {
             ext.extension_name_as_c_str() == e.extension_name_as_c_str()
                 && ext.spec_version >= e.spec_version
         })
-            .is_some()
     }
 
     fn compatible_with(&self, device: &Self) -> bool {
@@ -339,9 +334,9 @@ impl PhysicalDeviceFeatures {
             .device_extensions
             .iter()
             .filter(|ext| {
-                !device_extensions
+                device_extensions
                     .binary_search_by(|t| sort_exts(t, ext))
-                    .is_ok()
+                    .is_err()
             })
             .cloned()
             .collect::<Vec<_>>();
@@ -513,7 +508,7 @@ pub struct EguiTextureInfo {
 }
 
 impl EguiTextureInfo {
-    fn into_sampler_desc(&self) -> pipeline::SamplerDesc {
+    fn as_sampler_desc(&self) -> pipeline::SamplerDesc {
         let address_mode = match self.options.wrap_mode {
             egui::TextureWrapMode::ClampToEdge => vk::SamplerAddressMode::CLAMP_TO_EDGE,
             egui::TextureWrapMode::Repeat => vk::SamplerAddressMode::REPEAT,

crates/renderer/src/memory.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+#![allow(dead_code)]
+use crate::device::Device;
+
+//#[derive(Debug)]
+pub struct DeviceMemoryDesc {
+    pub flags: vk_mem::AllocationCreateFlags,
+    pub size: u64,
+    pub align: u64,
+    pub type_bits: u32,
+    pub usage: vk_mem::MemoryUsage,
+}
+
+#[derive(Debug)]
+pub struct DeviceMemory {
+    device: Device,
+    alloc: vk_mem::Allocation,
+}
+
+impl DeviceMemory {}
+
+impl Drop for DeviceMemory {
+    fn drop(&mut self) {
+        unsafe {
+            self.device.alloc().free_memory(&mut self.alloc);
+        }
+    }
+}

crates/renderer/src/pipeline.rs

@@ -491,7 +491,7 @@ impl Drop for Pipeline {
 }
 
 impl ShaderStageDesc<'_> {
-    fn into_create_info(&self) -> vk::PipelineShaderStageCreateInfo {
+    fn as_create_info(&'_ self) -> vk::PipelineShaderStageCreateInfo<'_> {
         vk::PipelineShaderStageCreateInfo::default()
             .module(self.module.handle())
             .flags(self.flags)
@@ -516,7 +516,7 @@ impl Pipeline {
                             .map(|p| p.handle())
                             .unwrap_or(vk::Pipeline::null()),
                     )
-                    .stage(desc.shader_stage.into_create_info());
+                    .stage(desc.shader_stage.as_create_info());
 
                 unsafe {
                     device.dev().create_compute_pipelines(
@@ -533,7 +533,7 @@ impl Pipeline {
                 let stages = desc
                     .shader_stages
                     .iter()
-                    .map(|stage| stage.into_create_info())
+                    .map(|stage| stage.as_create_info())
                     .collect::<Vec<_>>();
 
                 let vertex_input = desc.vertex_input.map(|vertex| {

crates/renderer/src/render_graph.rs

@@ -508,10 +508,11 @@ impl RenderGraph {
                     let cmd = pool.alloc()?;
                     // transitions
                     for (&id, &(from, to)) in accesses.iter() {
+                        let buffer = unsafe { cmd.buffer() };
                         Self::transition_resource(
                             &resources[id.0 as usize],
                             device.dev(),
-                            unsafe { &cmd.buffer() },
+                            &buffer,
                             from,
                             to,
                         );

crates/renderer/src/sync.rs

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 use std::{
     future::Future,
     marker::PhantomData,
-    sync::{atomic::AtomicU32, Arc},
+    sync::{Arc, atomic::AtomicU32},
     time::Duration,
 };
 
@@ -19,6 +19,12 @@ pub struct SyncThreadpool {
     num_threads: Arc<AtomicU32>,
 }
 
+impl Default for SyncThreadpool {
+    fn default() -> Self {
+        Self::new()
+    }
+}
+
 #[derive(Debug)]
 enum SyncPrimitive {
     Fence(Arc<Fence>),
@@ -259,11 +265,12 @@ pub struct FenceFuture<'a> {
 }
 
 impl FenceFuture<'_> {
-    /// Unsafe because `fence` must not be destroyed while this future is live.
+    /// # Safety
+    /// `fence` must not be destroyed while this future is live.
     #[allow(dead_code)]
     pub unsafe fn from_fence(device: Device, fence: vk::Fence) -> Self {
         Self {
-            fence: Arc::new(Fence::new(device, fence)),
+            fence: Arc::new(unsafe { Fence::new(device, fence) }),
             _pd: PhantomData,
         }
     }

crates/renderer/src/text.rs

@@ -1,20 +1,19 @@
+#![allow(dead_code)]
 use std::{
     collections::HashMap,
     sync::{Arc, Weak},
 };
 
 use ash::vk::Extent2D;
-use cosmic_text::{
+use cosmic_text::{CacheKey, FontSystem, PhysicalGlyph, SwashCache};
-    Attrs, Buffer, CacheKey, Family, FontSystem, Metrics, PhysicalGlyph, SwashCache,
+use glam::IVec2;
-};
-use glam::{IVec2, Vec2};
 use guillotiere::size2;
 #[cfg(test)]
 use image::{GenericImage, GenericImageView};
 
 use crate::{
     def_monotonic_id,
-    util::{self, Rect2D, F32},
+    util::{self, F32, Rect2D},
 };
 
 const ROBOTO_BYTES: &[u8] =
@@ -214,18 +213,15 @@ impl FontAtlas {
     fn add_glyph(
         &mut self,
         key: CacheKey,
-        data: &Vec<u8>,
+        data: &[u8],
         size: Extent2D,
         offset: IVec2,
     ) -> Option<AtlasGlyphInfo> {
         let allocation = self.allocator.allocate(guillotiere::size2(
             (size.width + 1).try_into().unwrap(),
             (size.height + 1).try_into().unwrap(),
-        ));
+        ))?;
 
-        let Some(allocation) = allocation else {
-            return None;
-        };
         let rect = allocation.rectangle;
         let x = rect.min.x;
         let y = rect.min.y;
@@ -294,6 +290,12 @@ fn get_outlined_glyph_texture(
     Ok((data, extent, IVec2::new(left, top)))
 }
 
+#[cfg(test)]
+mod tests {
+    use super::*;
+    use cosmic_text::{Attrs, Buffer, Family, Metrics};
+    use glam::Vec2;
+
     #[test]
     fn test() {
         let mut font_store = FontStore::new();
@@ -332,7 +334,7 @@ fn test() {
         let attrs = Attrs::new()
             .family(Family::SansSerif)
             .metrics(Metrics::new(48.0, 56.0));
-    let text = std::fs::read_to_string(path).expect("hello.txt");
+        let _text = std::fs::read_to_string(path).expect("hello.txt");
 
         buf.set_text(
             "Hello, World! 你好! 안녕하세요",
@@ -353,7 +355,7 @@ fn test() {
         let mut glyphs = Vec::new();
         let mut size = Vec2::new(0.0, 0.0);
 
-    let result = buffer
+        _ = buffer
             .layout_runs()
             .flat_map(|run| {
                 size.x = size.x.max(run.line_w);
@@ -369,7 +371,9 @@ fn test() {
                 let glyph_info = set
                     .get_glyph_info(physical.cache_key)
                     .map(Ok)
-                .unwrap_or_else(|| set.add_glyph(&mut font_system, &mut swash, physical.clone()))?;
+                    .unwrap_or_else(|| {
+                        set.add_glyph(&mut font_system, &mut swash, physical.clone())
+                    })?;
 
                 let pos = {
                     let x = glyph_info.offset.x as f32 + physical.x as f32;
@@ -394,7 +398,7 @@ fn test() {
         eprintln!("glyphs: {glyphs:#?}");
         eprintln!("image: {width}x{height}");
 
-    for (info, pos, size) in glyphs {
+        for (info, pos, _size) in glyphs {
             let atlas_image = info.image.upgrade().unwrap();
             let glyph = atlas_image.0.read();
 
@@ -422,3 +426,4 @@ fn test() {
 
         image.save("rendered.png").unwrap();
     }
+}

crates/renderer/src/util.rs

@@ -9,7 +9,14 @@ macro_rules! def_monotonic_id {
         #[derive(Copy, Clone, Hash, Eq, PartialEq, PartialOrd, Ord, Debug)]
         $vis struct $ty(::core::num::NonZero<u32>);
 
+        impl ::core::default::Default for $ty {
+            fn default() -> Self {
+                Self::new()
+            }
+        }
+
         impl $ty {
+            #[allow(dead_code, reason = "This method is macro-generated")]
             pub fn new() -> Self {
                 use ::core::sync::atomic::{AtomicU32, Ordering};
                 static COUNTER: AtomicU32 = AtomicU32::new(1);
@@ -21,6 +28,7 @@ macro_rules! def_monotonic_id {
                 )
             }
 
+            #[allow(dead_code, reason = "This method is macro-generated")]
             pub fn as_u32(&self) -> u32 {
                 self.0.get()
             }
@@ -437,7 +445,7 @@ pub struct Rgba8(pub [u8; 4]);
 
 impl std::hash::Hash for Rgba {
     fn hash<H: std::hash::Hasher>(&self, state: &mut H) {
-        self.0.map(|f| hash_f32(state, f));
+        self.0.iter().for_each(|&f| hash_f32(state, f));
     }
 }
 

crates/text/Cargo.toml

@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+[package]
+name = "text"
+version = "0.1.0"
+edition = "2024"
+
+[dependencies]
+thiserror = { workspace = true }
+anyhow = { workspace = true }
+tracing = { workspace = true }
+glam = { workspace = true }
+derive_more = { workspace = true }
+ahash = { workspace = true }
+parking_lot = { workspace = true }
+
+
+bevy_ecs = { workspace = true }
+bevy_asset = { workspace = true }
+bevy_reflect = { workspace = true }
+bevy_utils = { workspace = true }
+
+cosmic-text = "0.12.1"
+sys-locale = "0.3.2"
+guillotiere = "0.6.2"
+
+renderer = {path = "../renderer"}
+
+[dev-dependencies]
+tracing-test = "0.2.5"
+image = "0.25.5"

crates/text/src/lib.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,484 @@
+#![feature(debug_closure_helpers)]
+#![allow(dead_code)]
+
+use bevy_asset::{Asset, AssetLoader};
+use bevy_ecs::prelude::*;
+use bevy_reflect::TypePath;
+use glam::IVec2;
+use guillotiere::size2;
+use renderer::{
+    Extent2D, def_monotonic_id,
+    util::{F32, Rect2D},
+};
+use std::sync::{Arc, Weak};
+
+use ahash::{HashMap, HashMapExt};
+use cosmic_text::{CacheKey, FontSystem, PhysicalGlyph, SwashCache};
+
+mod components {
+    use bevy_ecs::component::Component;
+    use bevy_reflect::Reflect;
+    use derive_more::{Deref, DerefMut};
+
+    #[derive(Debug, Clone, Component, Reflect, Deref, DerefMut)]
+    pub struct Text(pub String);
+}
+
+const ROBOTO_BYTES: &[u8] =
+    include_bytes!("../../../assets/fonts/Roboto/Roboto-VariableFont_wdth,wght.ttf");
+const NOTO_SANS_HAN_BYTES: &[u8] =
+    include_bytes!("../../../assets/fonts/Noto_Sans_SC/NotoSansSC-VariableFont_wght.ttf");
+
+def_monotonic_id!(pub FontId);
+
+#[derive(Clone, TypePath, Asset)]
+pub struct FontData(Arc<dyn AsRef<[u8]> + Send + Sync>);
+
+impl std::fmt::Debug for FontData {
+    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut std::fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> std::fmt::Result {
+        f.debug_tuple("FontData")
+            .field_with(|f| write!(f, "{:?}", <dyn AsRef::<[u8]>>::as_ref(self.0.as_ref())))
+            .finish()
+    }
+}
+
+#[derive(Debug, Default)]
+struct FontLoader;
+
+#[derive(thiserror::Error, Debug)]
+enum FontLoaderError {
+    #[error(transparent)]
+    Parser(#[from] cosmic_text::ttf_parser::FaceParsingError),
+    #[error(transparent)]
+    Io(#[from] std::io::Error),
+}
+
+impl AssetLoader for FontLoader {
+    type Asset = FontData;
+
+    type Settings = ();
+
+    type Error = FontLoaderError;
+
+    async fn load(
+        &self,
+        reader: &mut dyn bevy_asset::io::Reader,
+        _settings: &Self::Settings,
+        _load_context: &mut bevy_asset::LoadContext<'_>,
+    ) -> Result<Self::Asset, Self::Error> {
+        let mut bytes = Vec::new();
+        reader.read_to_end(&mut bytes).await?;
+        let font = FontData(Arc::new(bytes.into_boxed_slice()));
+
+        Ok(font)
+    }
+}
+
+struct FontStore {
+    fonts: HashMap<FontId, FontData>,
+}
+
+impl FontStore {
+    fn new() -> Self {
+        Self {
+            fonts: HashMap::new(),
+        }
+    }
+
+    fn add_font_bytes(&mut self, bytes: FontData) -> FontId {
+        let id = FontId::new();
+        self.fonts.insert(id, bytes);
+        id
+    }
+
+    fn as_source(&self, id: FontId) -> Option<cosmic_text::fontdb::Source> {
+        self.fonts
+            .get(&id)
+            .map(|bytes| cosmic_text::fontdb::Source::Binary(bytes.0.clone()))
+    }
+}
+
+#[derive(Debug, Default, Resource)]
+struct FontAtlasSets {
+    sets: HashMap<FontId, FontAtlasSet>,
+}
+
+impl FontAtlasSets {
+    fn new() -> Self {
+        Self {
+            sets: HashMap::new(),
+        }
+    }
+    fn get(&self, key: &FontId) -> Option<&FontAtlasSet> {
+        self.sets.get(key)
+    }
+    fn get_mut(&mut self, key: &FontId) -> Option<&mut FontAtlasSet> {
+        self.sets.get_mut(key)
+    }
+}
+
+/// Per-Font Font Atlas Set
+#[derive(Debug, Default)]
+struct FontAtlasSet {
+    // TODO: add proper plural of atlas to english language.
+    atlantes: HashMap<F32, Vec<FontAtlas>>,
+}
+
+impl FontAtlasSet {
+    fn new() -> Self {
+        Self {
+            atlantes: HashMap::new(),
+        }
+    }
+    fn get_glyph_info(&self, key: CacheKey) -> Option<AtlasGlyphInfo> {
+        self.atlantes
+            .get(&F32::from_bits(key.font_size_bits))?
+            .iter()
+            .find_map(|atlas| {
+                atlas
+                    .glyphs
+                    .get(&key)
+                    .map(|&(rect, offset)| (Arc::downgrade(&atlas.image), rect, offset))
+            })
+            .map(|(image, rect, offset)| AtlasGlyphInfo {
+                image,
+                rect,
+                offset,
+            })
+    }
+    fn add_glyph(
+        &mut self,
+        font_system: &mut FontSystem,
+        swash_cache: &mut SwashCache,
+        physical: PhysicalGlyph,
+    ) -> Result<AtlasGlyphInfo, Error> {
+        let key = physical.cache_key;
+
+        let atlantes = self
+            .atlantes
+            .entry(F32::from_bits(physical.cache_key.font_size_bits))
+            .or_insert_with(|| vec![FontAtlas::new(512)]);
+
+        let (data, size, offset) = get_outlined_glyph_texture(font_system, swash_cache, physical)?;
+
+        if !atlantes
+            .iter_mut()
+            .any(|atlas| atlas.add_glyph(key, &data, size, offset).is_some())
+        {
+            let max_size = size.height.max(size.height);
+            let x2_or_512 = (1u32 << (32 - max_size.leading_zeros())).max(512);
+            atlantes.push(FontAtlas::new(x2_or_512));
+            atlantes
+                .last_mut()
+                .unwrap()
+                .add_glyph(key, &data, size, offset)
+                .ok_or(Error::FailedToRasterizeGlyph(key))?;
+        }
+
+        Ok(self.get_glyph_info(key).unwrap())
+    }
+}
+
+#[derive(Debug)]
+struct Image(parking_lot::RwLock<ImageInner>);
+
+#[derive(Debug, Clone)]
+struct ImageInner {
+    image: Vec<u8>,
+    image_size: Extent2D,
+}
+
+impl ImageInner {
+    fn bytes(&self) -> &[u8] {
+        self.image.as_slice()
+    }
+    fn bytes_mut(&mut self) -> &mut [u8] {
+        self.image.as_mut_slice()
+    }
+    fn width(&self) -> u32 {
+        self.image_size.width
+    }
+    fn height(&self) -> u32 {
+        self.image_size.height
+    }
+}
+
+#[derive(Debug)]
+struct AtlasGlyphInfo {
+    image: Weak<Image>,
+    rect: Rect2D,
+    offset: IVec2,
+}
+
+struct FontAtlas {
+    // TODO: this image will be host-coherent and host-visible, so that it can
+    // be updated with new glyphs.
+    // that begs the question:
+    // - should it be staged to a device-local image when it's used?
+    // - does it make sense to use VK_EXT_external_memory_host here? It's
+    // supported on virtually all Windows and Linux drivers.
+    // - how to sync this? I need to make sure that when this image is written
+    // to, it isn't also being read from. Usually, these images will be
+    // write-only, except when rendering. Since currently my rendering may
+    // happen on any thread at any time, that's problematic.
+    //
+    // In fact, this is an awful type to use here because of the unique access
+    // requirement for mapping.
+    image: Arc<Image>,
+    // stores sub-rect of image and placement offset of glyph
+    glyphs: HashMap<CacheKey, (Rect2D, IVec2)>,
+    allocator: guillotiere::AtlasAllocator,
+}
+
+impl std::fmt::Debug for FontAtlas {
+    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut std::fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> std::fmt::Result {
+        f.debug_struct("FontAtlas")
+            .field("image", &self.image)
+            .field("glyphs", &self.glyphs)
+            .finish_non_exhaustive()
+    }
+}
+
+impl FontAtlas {
+    fn new(size: u32) -> Self {
+        let num_bytes = size * size * 4;
+        Self {
+            image: Arc::new(Image(parking_lot::RwLock::new(ImageInner {
+                image: vec![0; num_bytes as usize],
+                image_size: Extent2D {
+                    width: size,
+                    height: size,
+                },
+            }))),
+            glyphs: HashMap::new(),
+            allocator: guillotiere::AtlasAllocator::new(size2(
+                size.try_into().unwrap(),
+                size.try_into().unwrap(),
+            )),
+        }
+    }
+    fn has_glyph(&self, key: CacheKey) -> bool {
+        self.glyphs.contains_key(&key)
+    }
+    fn add_glyph(
+        &mut self,
+        key: CacheKey,
+        data: &Vec<u8>,
+        size: Extent2D,
+        offset: IVec2,
+    ) -> Option<AtlasGlyphInfo> {
+        let allocation = self.allocator.allocate(guillotiere::size2(
+            (size.width + 1).try_into().unwrap(),
+            (size.height + 1).try_into().unwrap(),
+        ));
+
+        let Some(allocation) = allocation else {
+            return None;
+        };
+        let rect = allocation.rectangle;
+        let x = rect.min.x;
+        let y = rect.min.y;
+        let width = rect.width() - 1;
+        let height = rect.height() - 1;
+        let rect = Rect2D::new_from_size(IVec2::new(x, y), IVec2::new(width, height));
+        self.glyphs.insert(key, (rect, offset));
+
+        // put data into image array
+        let mut image = self.image.0.write();
+        for line_y in 0..height {
+            let y = y + line_y;
+            let image_offset = 4 * y as u32 * image.width() + 4 * x as u32;
+            let glyph_offset = 4 * line_y * width;
+            let len = 4 * width as usize;
+            let dst = &mut image.bytes_mut()[image_offset as usize..][..len];
+            let src = &data[glyph_offset as usize..][..len];
+            dst.copy_from_slice(src);
+        }
+
+        Some(AtlasGlyphInfo {
+            image: Arc::downgrade(&self.image),
+            rect,
+            offset,
+        })
+    }
+}
+
+#[derive(Debug, thiserror::Error)]
+pub enum Error {
+    #[error("Failed to rasterize glyph {0:?}.")]
+    FailedToRasterizeGlyph(CacheKey),
+}
+
+fn get_outlined_glyph_texture(
+    font_system: &mut FontSystem,
+    swash_cache: &mut SwashCache,
+    glyph: PhysicalGlyph,
+) -> Result<(Vec<u8>, Extent2D, IVec2), Error> {
+    let image = swash_cache
+        .get_image_uncached(font_system, glyph.cache_key)
+        .ok_or(Error::FailedToRasterizeGlyph(glyph.cache_key))?;
+
+    let cosmic_text::Placement {
+        left,
+        top,
+        width,
+        height,
+    } = image.placement;
+
+    let data = match image.content {
+        cosmic_text::SwashContent::Mask => image
+            .data
+            .iter()
+            .flat_map(|a| [255, 255, 255, *a])
+            .collect(),
+        cosmic_text::SwashContent::Color => image.data,
+        cosmic_text::SwashContent::SubpixelMask => {
+            // TODO: implement
+            todo!()
+        }
+    };
+
+    let extent = Extent2D { width, height };
+
+    Ok((data, extent, IVec2::new(left, top)))
+}
+
+#[cfg(test)]
+mod tests {
+    use cosmic_text::{Attrs, Buffer, Family, Metrics};
+    use glam::Vec2;
+    use image::{GenericImage, GenericImageView};
+
+    use super::*;
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test() {
+        let mut font_store = FontStore::new();
+        let mut db = cosmic_text::fontdb::Database::new();
+        let mut font_id_map = HashMap::<FontId, cosmic_text::fontdb::ID>::new();
+        let mut reverse_font_id_map = HashMap::<cosmic_text::fontdb::ID, FontId>::new();
+
+        let roboto = font_store.add_font_bytes(FontData(Arc::new(ROBOTO_BYTES)));
+        let noto_han = font_store.add_font_bytes(FontData(Arc::new(NOTO_SANS_HAN_BYTES)));
+        let id = *db
+            .load_font_source(font_store.as_source(roboto).unwrap())
+            .last()
+            .unwrap();
+        font_id_map.insert(roboto, id);
+        reverse_font_id_map.insert(id, roboto);
+
+        let id = *db
+            .load_font_source(font_store.as_source(noto_han).unwrap())
+            .last()
+            .unwrap();
+        font_id_map.insert(noto_han, id);
+        reverse_font_id_map.insert(id, noto_han);
+
+        db.set_sans_serif_family("Roboto");
+        // db.load_system_fonts();
+
+        let locale = sys_locale::get_locale().unwrap_or("en-DK".to_string());
+        let mut font_system = FontSystem::new_with_locale_and_db(locale, db);
+        let mut swash = SwashCache::new();
+
+        let mut buffer = Buffer::new_empty(Metrics::new(14.0, 20.0));
+
+        let mut buf = buffer.borrow_with(&mut font_system);
+
+        let path = format!("../../assets/testing/hello.txt");
+        let attrs = Attrs::new()
+            .family(Family::SansSerif)
+            .metrics(Metrics::new(48.0, 56.0));
+        let text = std::fs::read_to_string(path).expect("hello.txt");
+
+        buf.set_text(
+            "Hello, World! 你好! 안녕하세요",
+            attrs,
+            cosmic_text::Shaping::Advanced,
+        );
+        //buf.set_size(Some(400.0), Some(400.0));
+        buf.set_wrap(cosmic_text::Wrap::Word);
+
+        for line in buf.lines.iter_mut() {
+            line.set_align(Some(cosmic_text::Align::Left));
+        }
+
+        buf.shape_until_scroll(false);
+
+        let mut font_atlantes = FontAtlasSets::new();
+
+        let mut glyphs = Vec::new();
+        let mut size = Vec2::new(0.0, 0.0);
+
+        let result = buffer
+            .layout_runs()
+            .flat_map(|run| {
+                size.x = size.x.max(run.line_w);
+                size.y = size.y + run.line_height;
+                run.glyphs.iter().map(move |glyph| (glyph, run.line_y))
+            })
+            .try_for_each(|(glyph, line_y)| -> Result<(), Error> {
+                let font_id = *reverse_font_id_map.get(&glyph.font_id).unwrap();
+                let set = font_atlantes.sets.entry(font_id).or_default();
+
+                let physical = glyph.physical((0.0, 0.0), 1.0);
+
+                let glyph_info = set
+                    .get_glyph_info(physical.cache_key)
+                    .map(Ok)
+                    .unwrap_or_else(|| {
+                        set.add_glyph(&mut font_system, &mut swash, physical.clone())
+                    })?;
+
+                let pos = {
+                    let x = glyph_info.offset.x as f32 + physical.x as f32;
+                    let y = line_y.round() + physical.y as f32 - glyph_info.offset.y as f32;
+
+                    Vec2::new(x, y)
+                };
+
+                let size = glyph_info.rect.size();
+                glyphs.push((glyph_info, pos, size));
+
+                Ok(())
+            });
+
+        let (width, height) = {
+            let tmp = size.ceil().as_uvec2();
+            (tmp.x, tmp.y)
+        };
+
+        let mut image = image::RgbaImage::from_pixel(width, height, image::Rgba([0, 0, 0, 255]));
+
+        eprintln!("glyphs: {glyphs:#?}");
+        eprintln!("image: {width}x{height}");
+
+        for (info, pos, size) in glyphs {
+            let atlas_image = info.image.upgrade().unwrap();
+            let glyph = atlas_image.0.read();
+
+            let atlas_image = image::ImageBuffer::<image::Rgba<u8>, _>::from_raw(
+                glyph.width(),
+                glyph.height(),
+                glyph.bytes(),
+            )
+            .unwrap();
+
+            let glyph = atlas_image.view(
+                info.rect.top_left().x as u32,
+                info.rect.top_left().y as u32,
+                info.rect.width() as u32,
+                info.rect.height() as u32,
+            );
+
+            eprintln!("rect: {:?}", info.rect);
+            eprintln!("image_size: {:?}", image.dimensions());
+
+            image
+                .copy_from(&*glyph, pos.x as u32, pos.y as u32)
+                .unwrap();
+        }
+
+        image.save("rendered.png").unwrap();
+    }
+}

crates/window/Cargo.toml

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 [package]
 name = "window"
 version = "0.1.0"
-edition = "2021"
+edition = "2024"
 
 [dependencies]
 winit = { workspace = true }