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renderer: remove Vulkan object, move debug mod to its own file

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This commit is contained in:
Janis 2025-01-19 21:27:45 +01:00
parent b06c76f1e1
commit 40ea757543
3 changed files with 52 additions and 642 deletions
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43
crates/renderer/src/debug.rs Normal file
View file

@ -0,0 +1,43 @@
use ash::vk;
use tracing::{event, Level};
unsafe fn str_from_raw_parts<'a>(str: *const i8) -> std::borrow::Cow<'a, str> {
use std::{borrow::Cow, ffi};
if str.is_null() {
Cow::from("")
} else {
ffi::CStr::from_ptr(str).to_string_lossy()
}
}
pub(super) unsafe extern "system" fn debug_callback(
message_severity: vk::DebugUtilsMessageSeverityFlagsEXT,
message_type: vk::DebugUtilsMessageTypeFlagsEXT,
callback_data: *const vk::DebugUtilsMessengerCallbackDataEXT<'_>,
user_data: *mut core::ffi::c_void,
) -> vk::Bool32 {
_ = user_data;
let callback_data = *callback_data;
let message_id_number = callback_data.message_id_number;
let message_id_name = str_from_raw_parts(callback_data.p_message_id_name);
let message = str_from_raw_parts(callback_data.p_message);
match message_severity {
vk::DebugUtilsMessageSeverityFlagsEXT::ERROR => {
event!(target: "VK::DebugUtils", Level::ERROR, "{message_type:?} [{message_id_name}({message_id_number})]: {message}");
}
vk::DebugUtilsMessageSeverityFlagsEXT::VERBOSE => {
event!(target: "VK::DebugUtils", Level::TRACE, "{message_type:?} [{message_id_name}({message_id_number})]: {message}");
}
vk::DebugUtilsMessageSeverityFlagsEXT::INFO => {
event!(target: "VK::DebugUtils", Level::INFO, "{message_type:?} [{message_id_name}({message_id_number})]: {message}");
}
vk::DebugUtilsMessageSeverityFlagsEXT::WARNING => {
event!(target: "VK::DebugUtils", Level::WARN, "{message_type:?} [{message_id_name}({message_id_number})]: {message}");
}
_ => unreachable!(),
}
vk::FALSE
}

650
crates/renderer/src/lib.rs
View file

@ -9,7 +9,6 @@
)] )]
use std::{ use std::{
borrow::Borrow,
collections::{BTreeMap, BTreeSet, HashMap}, collections::{BTreeMap, BTreeSet, HashMap},
ffi::{CStr, CString}, ffi::{CStr, CString},
fmt::Debug, fmt::Debug,
@ -17,22 +16,23 @@ use std::{
sync::Arc, sync::Arc,
}; };
use parking_lot::{Mutex, MutexGuard, RwLock}; use raw_window_handle::{RawDisplayHandle, RawWindowHandle};
use parking_lot::{Mutex, MutexGuard};
use ash::{ use ash::{
khr, khr,
prelude::VkResult, prelude::VkResult,
vk::{self, Handle}, vk::{self},
Entry, Entry,
}; };
use dyn_clone::DynClone; use dyn_clone::DynClone;
use rand::{Rng, SeedableRng};
use raw_window_handle::RawDisplayHandle;
pub use ash; pub use ash;
mod buffers; mod buffers;
pub mod commands; pub mod commands;
mod debug;
pub mod device; pub mod device;
#[path = "egui.rs"] #[path = "egui.rs"]
mod egui_pass; mod egui_pass;
@ -41,6 +41,7 @@ mod memory;
mod pipeline; mod pipeline;
pub mod render_graph; pub mod render_graph;
pub mod rendering; pub mod rendering;
pub mod swapchain;
pub mod sync; pub mod sync;
pub mod util; pub mod util;
@ -473,8 +474,6 @@ impl AsRef<ash::khr::surface::Instance> for Instance {
} }
} }
pub mod swapchain;
pub struct SamplerCache { pub struct SamplerCache {
device: Device, device: Device,
samplers: HashMap<pipeline::SamplerDesc, pipeline::Sampler>, samplers: HashMap<pipeline::SamplerDesc, pipeline::Sampler>,
@ -502,596 +501,9 @@ impl SamplerCache {
} }
} }
pub struct Vulkan {
instance: Arc<Instance>,
pub device: Device,
samplers: SamplerCache,
}
impl Drop for Vulkan {
fn drop(&mut self) {
unsafe {
_ = self.device.dev().device_wait_idle();
}
}
}
impl Vulkan {
const VALIDATION_LAYER_NAME: &'static core::ffi::CStr = c"VK_LAYER_KHRONOS_validation";
#[allow(unused)]
const RENDERDOC_LAYER_NAME: &'static core::ffi::CStr = c"VK_LAYER_RENDERDOC_Capture";
#[allow(unused)]
const NSIGHT_TRACE_LAYER_NAME: &'static core::ffi::CStr =
c"VK_LAYER_NV_GPU_Trace_release_public_2021_4_2";
#[allow(unused)]
const NSIGHT_INTERCEPTION_LAYER_NAME: &'static core::ffi::CStr =
c"VK_LAYER_NV_nomad_release_public_2021_4_2";
pub fn samplers(&self) -> &SamplerCache {
&self.samplers
}
pub fn samplers_mut(&mut self) -> &mut SamplerCache {
&mut self.samplers
}
pub fn new(
app_name: &str,
instance_layers: &[&CStr],
instance_extensions: &[&CStr],
display_handle: Option<RawDisplayHandle>,
) -> Result<Self> {
let entry = unsafe { ash::Entry::load()? };
let app_name = CString::new(app_name)?;
let app_info = vk::ApplicationInfo::default()
.api_version(vk::make_api_version(0, 1, 3, 0))
.application_name(&app_name)
.engine_name(c"PrimalGame")
.application_version(0)
.engine_version(0);
// TODO: make this a flag somewhere to enable or disable validation layers
// DEBUG LAYERS/VALIDATION
let validation_settings = [
vk::LayerSettingEXT::default()
.layer_name(Self::VALIDATION_LAYER_NAME)
.setting_name(c"VK_KHRONOS_VALIDATION_VALIDATE_BEST_PRACTICES")
.ty(vk::LayerSettingTypeEXT::BOOL32)
.values(&[1]),
vk::LayerSettingEXT::default()
.layer_name(Self::VALIDATION_LAYER_NAME)
.setting_name(c"VK_KHRONOS_VALIDATION_VALIDATE_BEST_PRACTICES_AMD")
.ty(vk::LayerSettingTypeEXT::BOOL32)
.values(&[1]),
vk::LayerSettingEXT::default()
.layer_name(Self::VALIDATION_LAYER_NAME)
.setting_name(c"VK_KHRONOS_VALIDATION_VALIDATE_SYNC")
.ty(vk::LayerSettingTypeEXT::BOOL32)
.values(&[1]),
];
let mut validation_info =
vk::LayerSettingsCreateInfoEXT::default().settings(&validation_settings);
let layers = Self::get_layers(
&entry,
instance_layers
.into_iter()
.chain(&[
#[cfg(debug_assertions)]
Self::VALIDATION_LAYER_NAME,
])
.cloned(),
)
.unwrap();
let (extensions, unsupported_extensions) = Self::get_extensions(
&entry,
&layers,
instance_extensions
.into_iter()
.chain([ash::ext::debug_utils::NAME, ash::ext::layer_settings::NAME].iter())
.cloned(),
display_handle,
)?;
if !unsupported_extensions.is_empty() {
tracing::error!(
"extensions were requested but not supported by instance: {:?}",
unsupported_extensions
);
}
let layers = VkNameList::from_strs(&layers);
let extensions = VkNameList::from_strs(&extensions);
let create_info = vk::InstanceCreateInfo::default()
.application_info(&app_info)
.enabled_extension_names(&extensions.names)
.enabled_layer_names(&layers.names)
.push_next(&mut validation_info);
let instance = unsafe { entry.create_instance(&create_info, None)? };
let debug_info = vk::DebugUtilsMessengerCreateInfoEXT::default()
.message_severity(
vk::DebugUtilsMessageSeverityFlagsEXT::ERROR
| vk::DebugUtilsMessageSeverityFlagsEXT::WARNING
| vk::DebugUtilsMessageSeverityFlagsEXT::INFO,
)
.message_type(
vk::DebugUtilsMessageTypeFlagsEXT::GENERAL
| vk::DebugUtilsMessageTypeFlagsEXT::VALIDATION
| vk::DebugUtilsMessageTypeFlagsEXT::PERFORMANCE,
)
.pfn_user_callback(Some(debug::debug_callback));
let debug_utils_instance = ash::ext::debug_utils::Instance::new(&entry, &instance);
let debug_utils_messenger =
unsafe { debug_utils_instance.create_debug_utils_messenger(&debug_info, None)? };
let surface_instance = ash::khr::surface::Instance::new(&entry, &instance);
let instance = Arc::new(Instance {
instance,
debug_utils: debug_utils_instance,
debug_utils_messenger,
surface: surface_instance,
entry,
});
let features = PhysicalDeviceFeatures::all_default()
.version(vk::make_api_version(0, 1, 3, 0))
.features10(
vk::PhysicalDeviceFeatures::default()
.sampler_anisotropy(true)
.fill_mode_non_solid(true)
.multi_draw_indirect(true),
)
.features11(vk::PhysicalDeviceVulkan11Features::default().shader_draw_parameters(true))
.features12(
vk::PhysicalDeviceVulkan12Features::default()
.shader_int8(true)
.runtime_descriptor_array(true)
.descriptor_binding_partially_bound(true)
.shader_sampled_image_array_non_uniform_indexing(true)
.descriptor_binding_sampled_image_update_after_bind(true)
.storage_buffer8_bit_access(true),
)
.features13(
vk::PhysicalDeviceVulkan13Features::default()
.dynamic_rendering(true)
.maintenance4(true)
.synchronization2(true),
)
.with_extension(
make_extention_properties(
ash::ext::mesh_shader::NAME,
ash::ext::mesh_shader::SPEC_VERSION,
),
vk::PhysicalDeviceMeshShaderFeaturesEXT::default()
.mesh_shader(true)
.task_shader(true),
)
.with_extension(
make_extention_properties(
ash::khr::present_id::NAME,
ash::khr::present_id::SPEC_VERSION,
),
vk::PhysicalDevicePresentIdFeaturesKHR::default().present_id(true),
)
.with_extension(
make_extention_properties(
ash::khr::present_wait::NAME,
ash::khr::present_wait::SPEC_VERSION,
),
vk::PhysicalDevicePresentWaitFeaturesKHR::default().present_wait(true),
)
.with_extension(
make_extention_properties(
ash::ext::index_type_uint8::NAME,
ash::ext::index_type_uint8::SPEC_VERSION,
),
vk::PhysicalDeviceIndexTypeUint8FeaturesEXT::default().index_type_uint8(true),
)
.with_extensions2([
make_extention_properties(khr::swapchain::NAME, khr::swapchain::SPEC_VERSION),
make_extention_properties(khr::spirv_1_4::NAME, khr::spirv_1_4::SPEC_VERSION),
]);
// Consider this: switching physical device in game?
// anything above this point is device agnostic, everything below would have to be recreated
// additionally, pdev would have to be derived from a device and not a scoring function.
let pdev = Self::choose_physical_device(
&instance,
display_handle,
&features,
vec![Box::new(
vk::PhysicalDeviceMeshShaderPropertiesEXT::default(),
)],
)?;
tracing::trace!("pdev: {pdev:?}");
let device = Device::new(instance.clone(), pdev, features)?;
Ok(Self {
instance,
samplers: SamplerCache::new(device.clone()),
device,
})
}
fn queue_family_supports_presentation(
instance: &Instance,
pdev: vk::PhysicalDevice,
queue_family: u32,
display_handle: RawDisplayHandle,
) -> bool {
unsafe {
match display_handle {
RawDisplayHandle::Xlib(display) => {
let surface =
ash::khr::xlib_surface::Instance::new(&instance.entry, &instance.instance);
surface.get_physical_device_xlib_presentation_support(
pdev,
queue_family,
display.display.unwrap().as_ptr() as _,
display.screen as _,
)
//todo!("xlib")
}
RawDisplayHandle::Xcb(_xcb_display_handle) => todo!("xcb"),
RawDisplayHandle::Wayland(wayland_display_handle) => {
let surface = ash::khr::wayland_surface::Instance::new(
&instance.entry,
&instance.instance,
);
surface.get_physical_device_wayland_presentation_support(
pdev,
queue_family,
wayland_display_handle.display.cast().as_mut(),
)
}
RawDisplayHandle::Drm(_) => {
todo!()
}
RawDisplayHandle::Windows(_) => {
ash::khr::win32_surface::Instance::new(&instance.entry, &instance.instance)
.get_physical_device_win32_presentation_support(pdev, queue_family)
}
_ => panic!("unsupported platform"),
}
}
}
fn select_pdev_queue_families(
instance: &Instance,
display_handle: Option<RawDisplayHandle>,
pdev: vk::PhysicalDevice,
) -> DeviceQueueFamilies {
let queue_families = unsafe {
instance
.instance
.get_physical_device_queue_family_properties(pdev)
};
struct QueueFamily {
num_queues: u32,
is_present: bool,
is_compute: bool,
is_graphics: bool,
is_transfer: bool,
}
impl QueueFamily {
#[allow(dead_code)]
fn is_graphics_and_compute(&self) -> bool {
self.is_compute && self.is_graphics
}
}
struct QueueFamilies(Vec<QueueFamily>);
impl QueueFamilies {
fn find_first<F>(&mut self, mut pred: F) -> Option<u32>
where
F: FnMut(&QueueFamily) -> bool,
{
if let Some((q, family)) = self
.0
.iter_mut()
.enumerate()
.filter(|(_, family)| family.num_queues > 0)
.find(|(_, family)| pred(family))
{
family.num_queues -= 1;
Some(q as u32)
} else {
None
}
}
fn find_best<F>(&mut self, mut pred: F) -> Option<u32>
where
F: FnMut(&QueueFamily) -> Option<u32>,
{
let (_, q, family) = self
.0
.iter_mut()
.enumerate()
.filter_map(|(i, family)| {
if family.num_queues == 0 {
return None;
}
pred(family).map(|score| (score, i, family))
})
.max_by_key(|(score, _, _)| *score)?;
family.num_queues -= 1;
Some(q as u32)
}
}
let mut queue_families = QueueFamilies(
queue_families
.iter()
.enumerate()
.map(|(i, family)| {
let q = i as u32;
let is_graphics = family.queue_flags.contains(vk::QueueFlags::GRAPHICS);
let is_compute = family.queue_flags.contains(vk::QueueFlags::COMPUTE);
let is_transfer = family.queue_flags.contains(vk::QueueFlags::TRANSFER)
|| is_compute
|| is_graphics;
let is_present = display_handle
.map(|display_handle| {
Self::queue_family_supports_presentation(
instance,
pdev,
q,
display_handle,
)
})
.unwrap_or(false);
QueueFamily {
num_queues: family.queue_count,
is_compute,
is_graphics,
is_present,
is_transfer,
}
})
.collect::<Vec<_>>(),
);
let graphics = queue_families
.find_best(|family| {
if !family.is_graphics {
return None;
}
// a queue with Graphics+Compute is guaranteed to exist
Some(family.is_compute as u32 * 2 + family.is_present as u32)
})
.unwrap();
// find present queue first because it is rather more important than a secondary compute queue
let present =
if !queue_families.0.get(graphics as usize).unwrap().is_present {
queue_families.find_first(|family| family.is_present)
} else {
None
}.or({
if display_handle.is_none() {
// in this case the graphics queue will be used by default
tracing::info!("no present queue available, using graphics queue as fallback for headless_surface");
Some(graphics)
} else {
tracing::warn!("no present queue available, this is unexpected!");
None}
});
let async_compute = queue_families.find_first(|family| family.is_compute);
let transfer = queue_families.find_first(|family| family.is_transfer);
let mut unique_families = BTreeMap::<u32, u32>::new();
let mut helper = |family: u32| {
use std::collections::btree_map::Entry;
let index = match unique_families.entry(family) {
Entry::Vacant(vacant_entry) => {
vacant_entry.insert(1);
0
}
Entry::Occupied(mut occupied_entry) => {
let idx = occupied_entry.get_mut();
*idx += 1;
*idx - 1
}
};
(family, index)
};
let graphics = helper(graphics);
let async_compute = async_compute.map(|f| helper(f)).unwrap_or(graphics);
let transfer = transfer.map(|f| helper(f)).unwrap_or(async_compute);
let present = present.map(|f| helper(f)).unwrap_or(graphics);
let families = unique_families
.into_iter()
.filter(|&(_family, count)| count > 0)
.collect::<Vec<_>>();
// family of each queue, of which one is allocated for each queue, with
// graphics being the fallback queue for compute and transfer, and
// present possibly being `None`, in which case it is Graphics
let queues = DeviceQueueFamilies {
families,
graphics,
async_compute,
transfer,
present,
};
queues
}
fn choose_physical_device(
instance: &Instance,
display_handle: Option<RawDisplayHandle>,
requirements: &PhysicalDeviceFeatures,
extra_properties: Vec<Box<dyn ExtendsDeviceProperties2Debug>>,
) -> Result<PhysicalDevice> {
let pdevs = unsafe { instance.instance.enumerate_physical_devices()? };
let (pdev, properties) = pdevs
.into_iter()
.map(|pdev| {
let mut props = PhysicalDeviceProperties::default().extra_properties(
extra_properties
.iter()
.map(|b| dyn_clone::clone_box(&**b))
.collect::<Vec<_>>(),
);
props.query(&instance.instance, pdev);
(pdev, props)
})
// filter devices which dont support the version of Vulkan we are requesting
.filter(|(_, props)| props.base.api_version >= requirements.version)
// filter devices which don't support the device extensions we
// are requesting
// TODO: figure out a way to fall back to some
// device which doesn't support all of the extensions.
.filter(|(pdev, _)| {
let query_features =
PhysicalDeviceFeatures::query(&instance.instance, *pdev).unwrap();
requirements.compatible_with(&query_features)
})
.max_by_key(|(_, props)| {
let score = match props.base.device_type {
vk::PhysicalDeviceType::DISCRETE_GPU => 5,
vk::PhysicalDeviceType::INTEGRATED_GPU => 4,
vk::PhysicalDeviceType::VIRTUAL_GPU => 3,
vk::PhysicalDeviceType::CPU => 2,
vk::PhysicalDeviceType::OTHER => 1,
_ => unreachable!(),
};
// score based on limits or other properties
score
})
.ok_or(Error::NoPhysicalDevice)?;
Ok(PhysicalDevice {
queue_families: Self::select_pdev_queue_families(instance, display_handle, pdev),
pdev,
properties,
})
}
fn get_available_extensions(
entry: &ash::Entry,
layers: &[&CStr],
) -> Result<Vec<ash::vk::ExtensionProperties>> {
unsafe {
let extensions = core::iter::once(entry.enumerate_instance_extension_properties(None))
.chain(
layers
.iter()
.map(|&layer| entry.enumerate_instance_extension_properties(Some(layer))),
)
.filter_map(|result| result.ok())
.flatten()
.collect::<Vec<ash::vk::ExtensionProperties>>();
Ok(extensions)
}
}
/// returns a tuple of supported/enabled extensions and unsupported/requested extensions
fn get_extensions<'a>(
entry: &ash::Entry,
layers: &[&'a CStr],
extensions: impl Iterator<Item = &'a CStr> + 'a,
display_handle: Option<RawDisplayHandle>,
) -> Result<(Vec<&'a CStr>, Vec<&'a CStr>)> {
unsafe {
let available_extensions = Self::get_available_extensions(entry, layers)?;
let available_extension_names = available_extensions
.iter()
.filter_map(|layer| layer.extension_name_as_c_str().ok())
.collect::<BTreeSet<_>>();
let mut out_extensions = Vec::new();
let mut unsupported_extensions = Vec::new();
for extension in extensions {
if available_extension_names.contains(extension) {
out_extensions.push(extension);
} else {
unsupported_extensions.push(extension);
}
}
let required_extension_names = display_handle
.map(|display_handle| ash_window::enumerate_required_extensions(display_handle))
.unwrap_or(Ok(&[]))?;
for &extension in required_extension_names {
let extension = core::ffi::CStr::from_ptr(extension);
if available_extension_names.contains(&extension) {
out_extensions.push(extension);
} else {
unsupported_extensions.push(extension);
}
}
Ok((out_extensions, unsupported_extensions))
}
}
fn get_layers<'a>(
entry: &ash::Entry,
wants_layers: impl Iterator<Item = &'a CStr> + 'a,
) -> core::result::Result<Vec<&'a CStr>, (Vec<&'a CStr>, Vec<&'a CStr>)> {
unsafe {
let wants_layers = wants_layers.collect::<Vec<_>>();
let available_layers = entry
.enumerate_instance_layer_properties()
.map_err(|_| (Vec::<&'a CStr>::new(), wants_layers.clone()))?;
let available_layer_names = available_layers
.iter()
.map(|layer| layer.layer_name_as_c_str())
.collect::<core::result::Result<BTreeSet<_>, _>>()
.map_err(|_| (Vec::<&'a CStr>::new(), wants_layers.clone()))?;
let mut out_layers = Vec::new();
let mut unsupported_layers = Vec::new();
for layer in wants_layers {
if available_layer_names.contains(&layer) {
out_layers.push(layer);
} else {
unsupported_layers.push(layer);
}
}
if !unsupported_layers.is_empty() {
Err((out_layers, unsupported_layers))
} else {
Ok(out_layers)
}
}
}
}
use raw_window_handle::RawWindowHandle;
#[derive(Debug)] #[derive(Debug)]
pub struct EguiState { pub struct EguiState {
pub textures: HashMap<egui::TextureId, EguiTextureInfo>, textures: HashMap<egui::TextureId, EguiTextureInfo>,
#[allow(unused)] #[allow(unused)]
descriptor_pool: pipeline::DescriptorPool, descriptor_pool: pipeline::DescriptorPool,
descriptor_set: vk::DescriptorSet, descriptor_set: vk::DescriptorSet,
@ -1102,7 +514,7 @@ pub struct EguiState {
} }
#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy)] #[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy)]
struct EguiTextureInfo { pub struct EguiTextureInfo {
id: texture::TextureId, id: texture::TextureId,
options: egui::epaint::textures::TextureOptions, options: egui::epaint::textures::TextureOptions,
} }
@ -1412,52 +824,6 @@ impl Renderer2 {
pub use vk::Extent2D; pub use vk::Extent2D;
mod debug {
use ash::vk;
use tracing::{event, Level};
unsafe fn str_from_raw_parts<'a>(str: *const i8) -> std::borrow::Cow<'a, str> {
use std::{borrow::Cow, ffi};
if str.is_null() {
Cow::from("")
} else {
ffi::CStr::from_ptr(str).to_string_lossy()
}
}
pub(super) unsafe extern "system" fn debug_callback(
message_severity: vk::DebugUtilsMessageSeverityFlagsEXT,
message_type: vk::DebugUtilsMessageTypeFlagsEXT,
callback_data: *const vk::DebugUtilsMessengerCallbackDataEXT<'_>,
user_data: *mut core::ffi::c_void,
) -> vk::Bool32 {
_ = user_data;
let callback_data = *callback_data;
let message_id_number = callback_data.message_id_number;
let message_id_name = str_from_raw_parts(callback_data.p_message_id_name);
let message = str_from_raw_parts(callback_data.p_message);
match message_severity {
vk::DebugUtilsMessageSeverityFlagsEXT::ERROR => {
event!(target: "VK::DebugUtils", Level::ERROR, "{message_type:?} [{message_id_name}({message_id_number})]: {message}");
}
vk::DebugUtilsMessageSeverityFlagsEXT::VERBOSE => {
event!(target: "VK::DebugUtils", Level::TRACE, "{message_type:?} [{message_id_name}({message_id_number})]: {message}");
}
vk::DebugUtilsMessageSeverityFlagsEXT::INFO => {
event!(target: "VK::DebugUtils", Level::INFO, "{message_type:?} [{message_id_name}({message_id_number})]: {message}");
}
vk::DebugUtilsMessageSeverityFlagsEXT::WARNING => {
event!(target: "VK::DebugUtils", Level::WARN, "{message_type:?} [{message_id_name}({message_id_number})]: {message}");
}
_ => unreachable!(),
}
vk::FALSE
}
}
pub mod utils { pub mod utils {
#![allow(dead_code)] #![allow(dead_code)]

1
crates/renderer/src/util.rs
View file

@ -546,6 +546,7 @@ impl<T> Drop for RawMutexGuard<'_, T> {
pub struct CStringList { pub struct CStringList {
pub strings: Box<[*const i8]>, pub strings: Box<[*const i8]>,
#[allow(unused)]
bytes: Box<[u8]>, bytes: Box<[u8]>,
} }