From ecb4a83153586985ce6923b4fd8c6212e80b748f Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: janis <janis@nirgendwo.xyz>
Date: Sat, 1 Nov 2025 16:18:01 +0100
Subject: [PATCH] allocate/free operand methods

---
 lang/src/codegen.asm | 117 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++-
 1 file changed, 115 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-)

diff --git a/lang/src/codegen.asm b/lang/src/codegen.asm
index 9e74725..087614d 100644
--- a/lang/src/codegen.asm
+++ b/lang/src/codegen.asm
@@ -301,7 +301,7 @@ codegen_allocate_register:
     ; flip bits
     not ax
     test ax, ax
-    jz .panic
+    jz .no_regs
     ; find first set bit
     bsf cx, ax
 
@@ -313,14 +313,127 @@ codegen_allocate_register:
     mov ax, word [rdi + 52]     ; dirtied_register_bitset
     bts ax, cx
     mov word [rdi + 52], ax     ; update dirtied_register_bitset
+    jmp .done
+
+.no_regs:
+    ; return -1u64 to indicate no free registers
+    ; the caller should panic or allocate a stack slot instead
+    mov rbx, -1
 
 .done:
     mov rax, rbx
     pop rbx
     pop rbp
     ret
+
+;; rdi: *FunctionCtx
+;; rsi: width
+;; define-fn: fn codegen_allocate_value(ctx: *mut FunctionCtx, width: u16) -> Operand
+codegen_allocate_value:
+    push rbp
+    mov rbp, rsp
+    push rbx
+
+    ; width [8..16]
+    ; *FunctionCtx [0..8]
+    sub rsp, 16
+
+    mov [rsp], rdi              ; ctx
+    mov [rsp + 8], rsi         ; width
+
+    cmp rsi, 8
+    jg .alloc_stack
+
+.alloc_reg:
+    call codegen_allocate_register
+    cmp rax, -1
+    je .alloc_stack
+
+    mov rbx, rax
+
+    ; construct Operand
+    xor rax, rax
+    mov eax, 0                  ; Operand.len = 0
+    shl eax, 16
+    mov rsi, [rsp + 8]          ; width
+    or eax, esi                 ; Operand.width
+    shl eax, 4
+    or eax, rbx                 ; Operand.register
+    shl eax, 8
+    or eax, OPERAND_REGISTER    ; Operand.kind
+    mov rdx, 0                  ; Operand.value = 0
+    jmp .done
+
+.alloc_stack:
+    mov rdi, [rsp]              ; ctx
+    mov rdx, [rdi + 0]          ; current_stack_size
+    add rdx, [rsp + 8]          ; width
+    mov [rdi + 0], rdx          ; current_stack_size += width
+
+    ; construct Operand
+    xor rax, rax
+    mov eax, 0                  ; Operand.len = 0
+    shl eax, 16
+    mov rsi, [rsp + 8]          ; width
+    or eax, esi                 ; Operand.width
+    shl eax, 4
+    ; or eax, 0                 ; Operand.register = undef
+    shl eax, 8
+    or eax, OPERAND_RBP_OFFSET  ; Operand.kind
+
+.done:
+    add rsp, 16
+    pop rbx
+    pop rbp
+    ret
+    
+;; rdi: *FunctionCtx
+;; rsi: *Operand
+;; define-fn: fn codegen_free_operand(ctx: *mut FunctionCtx, operand: *const Operand) -> ()
+codegen_free_operand:
+    push rbp
+    mov rbp, rsp
+    push rbx
+
+    sub rsp, 16
+    mov [rsp], rdi              ; ctx
+    mov [rsp + 8], rsi          ; operand
+
+    mov al, byte [rsi]          ; Operand.kind
+    cmp al, OPERAND_REGISTER
+    je .free_reg
+    cmp al, OPERAND_RBP_OFFSET
+    je .free_stack
+    jmp .done
+
+.free_stack:
+    mov rbx, [rdi + 0]          ; current_stack_size
+    mov rax, [rsi + 8]          ; Operand.value
+    cmp rbx, rax
+    jne .done                   ; operand not at top of stack, can't free
+
+    mov al, byte [rsi + 1]      ; Operand.width
+    shl al, 4
+    movzx rax, al
+    sub rbx, rax
+    mov [rdi + 0], rbx          ; current_stack_size -= width
+    jmp .done
+
+.free_reg:
+    xor rax, rax
+    mov al, byte [rsi + 1]      ; Operand.register_and_width
+    and al, 0x0F                ; get register index
+    mov bx, word [rdi + 48]     ; register_bitset
+    btr bx, ax
+    jnc .panic                  ; trying to free unallocated register
+    mov word [rdi + 48], bx     ; update register_bitset
+
+.done:
+    add rsp, 16
+    pop rbx
+    pop rbp
+    ret
 .panic:
-    ; no free registers!
     call panic
 
 ;; rdi: *Ctx