use core::{
    borrow::{Borrow, BorrowMut},
    cell::UnsafeCell,
    fmt::Display,
    marker::PhantomData,
    mem::{self, ManuallyDrop, MaybeUninit},
    ops::{Deref, DerefMut},
    ptr::NonNull,
    sync::atomic::{AtomicPtr, Ordering},
};

use alloc::boxed::Box;

/// A guard that runs a closure when it is dropped.
pub struct DropGuard<F: FnOnce()>(UnsafeCell<ManuallyDrop<F>>);

impl<F> DropGuard<F>
where
    F: FnOnce(),
{
    pub fn new(f: F) -> DropGuard<F> {
        Self(UnsafeCell::new(ManuallyDrop::new(f)))
    }
}

impl<F> Drop for DropGuard<F>
where
    F: FnOnce(),
{
    fn drop(&mut self) {
        // SAFETY: We are the only owner of `self.0`, and we ensure that the
        // closure is only called once.
        unsafe {
            ManuallyDrop::take(&mut *self.0.get())();
        }
    }
}

#[repr(transparent)]
#[derive(Debug, PartialEq, Eq, Hash, PartialOrd, Ord)]
pub struct SendPtr<T>(NonNull<T>);

impl<T> Copy for SendPtr<T> {}

impl<T> Clone for SendPtr<T> {
    fn clone(&self) -> Self {
        Self(self.0.clone())
    }
}

impl<T> core::fmt::Pointer for SendPtr<T> {
    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut core::fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> core::fmt::Result {
        <NonNull<T> as core::fmt::Pointer>::fmt(&self.0, f)
    }
}

unsafe impl<T> core::marker::Send for SendPtr<T> {}

impl<T> Deref for SendPtr<T> {
    type Target = NonNull<T>;

    fn deref(&self) -> &Self::Target {
        &self.0
    }
}

impl<T> DerefMut for SendPtr<T> {
    fn deref_mut(&mut self) -> &mut Self::Target {
        &mut self.0
    }
}

impl<T> SendPtr<T> {
    pub const fn new(ptr: *mut T) -> Option<Self> {
        match NonNull::new(ptr) {
            Some(ptr) => Some(Self(ptr)),
            None => None,
        }
    }

    /// ptr must be non-null
    #[allow(dead_code)]
    pub const unsafe fn new_unchecked(ptr: *mut T) -> Self {
        unsafe { Self(NonNull::new_unchecked(ptr)) }
    }

    pub const fn new_const(ptr: *const T) -> Option<Self> {
        Self::new(ptr.cast_mut())
    }

    /// ptr must be non-null
    #[allow(dead_code)]
    pub const unsafe fn new_const_unchecked(ptr: *const T) -> Self {
        unsafe { Self::new_unchecked(ptr.cast_mut()) }
    }

    pub(crate) unsafe fn as_ref(&self) -> &T {
        unsafe { self.0.as_ref() }
    }
}

/// A tagged atomic pointer that can store a pointer and a tag `BITS` wide in the same space
/// as the pointer.
/// The pointer must be aligned to `BITS` bits, i.e. `align_of::<T>() >= 2^BITS`.
#[repr(transparent)]
#[derive(Debug)]
pub struct TaggedAtomicPtr<T, const BITS: u8> {
    ptr: AtomicPtr<()>,
    _pd: PhantomData<T>,
}

impl<T, const BITS: u8> TaggedAtomicPtr<T, BITS> {
    const fn mask() -> usize {
        !(!0usize << BITS)
    }

    pub fn new(ptr: *mut T, tag: usize) -> TaggedAtomicPtr<T, BITS> {
        debug_assert!(core::mem::align_of::<T>().ilog2() as u8 >= BITS);
        let mask = Self::mask();
        Self {
            ptr: AtomicPtr::new(ptr.with_addr((ptr.addr() & !mask) | (tag & mask)).cast()),
            _pd: PhantomData,
        }
    }

    pub fn ptr(&self, order: Ordering) -> NonNull<T> {
        unsafe {
            NonNull::new_unchecked(
                self.ptr
                    .load(order)
                    .map_addr(|addr| addr & !Self::mask())
                    .cast(),
            )
        }
    }

    pub fn tag(&self, order: Ordering) -> usize {
        self.ptr.load(order).addr() & Self::mask()
    }

    pub fn fetch_or_tag(&self, tag: usize, order: Ordering) -> usize {
        let mask = Self::mask();
        let old_ptr = self.ptr.fetch_or(tag & mask, order);
        old_ptr.addr() & mask
    }

    /// returns the tag and clears it
    pub fn take_tag(&self, order: Ordering) -> usize {
        let mask = Self::mask();
        let old_ptr = self.ptr.fetch_and(!mask, order);
        old_ptr.addr() & mask
    }

    /// returns tag
    #[inline(always)]
    fn compare_exchange_tag_inner(
        &self,
        old: usize,
        new: usize,
        success: Ordering,
        failure: Ordering,
        cmpxchg: fn(
            &AtomicPtr<()>,
            *mut (),
            *mut (),
            Ordering,
            Ordering,
        ) -> Result<*mut (), *mut ()>,
    ) -> Result<usize, usize> {
        let mask = Self::mask();
        let old_ptr = self.ptr.load(failure);

        let old = old_ptr.map_addr(|addr| (addr & !mask) | (old & mask));
        let new = old_ptr.map_addr(|addr| (addr & !mask) | (new & mask));

        let result = cmpxchg(&self.ptr, old, new, success, failure);

        result
            .map(|ptr| ptr.addr() & mask)
            .map_err(|ptr| ptr.addr() & mask)
    }

    /// returns tag
    #[allow(dead_code)]
    pub fn compare_exchange_tag(
        &self,
        old: usize,
        new: usize,
        success: Ordering,
        failure: Ordering,
    ) -> Result<usize, usize> {
        self.compare_exchange_tag_inner(
            old,
            new,
            success,
            failure,
            AtomicPtr::<()>::compare_exchange,
        )
    }

    /// returns tag
    pub fn compare_exchange_weak_tag(
        &self,
        old: usize,
        new: usize,
        success: Ordering,
        failure: Ordering,
    ) -> Result<usize, usize> {
        self.compare_exchange_tag_inner(
            old,
            new,
            success,
            failure,
            AtomicPtr::<()>::compare_exchange_weak,
        )
    }

    #[allow(dead_code)]
    pub fn set_ptr(&self, ptr: *mut T, success: Ordering, failure: Ordering) {
        let mask = Self::mask();
        let ptr = ptr.cast::<()>();
        loop {
            let old = self.ptr.load(failure);
            let new = ptr.map_addr(|addr| (addr & !mask) | (old.addr() & mask));
            if self
                .ptr
                .compare_exchange_weak(old, new, success, failure)
                .is_ok()
            {
                break;
            }
        }
    }

    pub fn set_tag(&self, tag: usize, success: Ordering, failure: Ordering) {
        let mask = Self::mask();
        loop {
            let ptr = self.ptr.load(failure);
            let new = ptr.map_addr(|addr| (addr & !mask) | (tag & mask));

            if self
                .ptr
                .compare_exchange_weak(ptr, new, success, failure)
                .is_ok()
            {
                break;
            }
        }
    }

    pub fn ptr_and_tag(&self, order: Ordering) -> (NonNull<T>, usize) {
        let mask = Self::mask();
        let ptr = self.ptr.load(order);
        let tag = ptr.addr() & mask;
        let ptr = ptr.map_addr(|addr| addr & !mask);
        let ptr = unsafe { NonNull::new_unchecked(ptr.cast()) };
        (ptr, tag)
    }
}

/// A small box that can store a value inline if the size and alignment of T is
/// less than or equal to the size and alignment of a boxed type. Typically this
/// will be `sizeof::<usize>()` bytes, but might be larger if
/// `sizeof::<Box<T>>()` is larger than that, like it is for dynamically sized
/// types like `[T]` or `dyn Trait`.
#[derive(Debug)]
#[repr(transparent)]
// We use a box here because a box can be unboxed, while a pointer cannot.
pub struct SmallBox<T>(pub MaybeUninit<Box<T>>);

impl<T: Display> Display for SmallBox<T> {
    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut core::fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> core::fmt::Result {
        (**self).fmt(f)
    }
}

impl<T: Ord> Ord for SmallBox<T> {
    fn cmp(&self, other: &Self) -> core::cmp::Ordering {
        self.as_ref().cmp(other.as_ref())
    }
}

impl<T: PartialOrd> PartialOrd for SmallBox<T> {
    fn partial_cmp(&self, other: &Self) -> Option<core::cmp::Ordering> {
        self.as_ref().partial_cmp(other.as_ref())
    }
}

impl<T: Eq> Eq for SmallBox<T> {}

impl<T: PartialEq> PartialEq for SmallBox<T> {
    fn eq(&self, other: &Self) -> bool {
        self.as_ref().eq(other.as_ref())
    }
}

impl<T: Default> Default for SmallBox<T> {
    fn default() -> Self {
        Self::new(Default::default())
    }
}

impl<T: Clone> Clone for SmallBox<T> {
    fn clone(&self) -> Self {
        Self::new(self.as_ref().clone())
    }
}

impl<T> Deref for SmallBox<T> {
    type Target = T;

    fn deref(&self) -> &Self::Target {
        self.as_ref()
    }
}

impl<T> DerefMut for SmallBox<T> {
    fn deref_mut(&mut self) -> &mut Self::Target {
        self.as_mut()
    }
}

impl<T> AsRef<T> for SmallBox<T> {
    fn as_ref(&self) -> &T {
        Self::as_ref(self)
    }
}
impl<T> AsMut<T> for SmallBox<T> {
    fn as_mut(&mut self) -> &mut T {
        Self::as_mut(self)
    }
}

impl<T> Borrow<T> for SmallBox<T> {
    fn borrow(&self) -> &T {
        &**self
    }
}
impl<T> BorrowMut<T> for SmallBox<T> {
    fn borrow_mut(&mut self) -> &mut T {
        &mut **self
    }
}

impl<T> SmallBox<T> {
    /// must only be called once. takes a reference so this can be called in
    /// drop()
    unsafe fn get_unchecked(&self, inline: bool) -> T {
        if inline {
            unsafe { mem::transmute_copy::<MaybeUninit<Box<T>>, T>(&self.0) }
        } else {
            unsafe { *self.0.assume_init_read() }
        }
    }

    pub fn as_ref(&self) -> &T {
        unsafe {
            if Self::is_inline() {
                mem::transmute::<&MaybeUninit<Box<T>>, &T>(&self.0)
            } else {
                self.0.assume_init_ref()
            }
        }
    }
    pub fn as_mut(&mut self) -> &mut T {
        unsafe {
            if Self::is_inline() {
                mem::transmute::<&mut MaybeUninit<Box<T>>, &mut T>(&mut self.0)
            } else {
                self.0.assume_init_mut()
            }
        }
    }

    pub fn into_inner(self) -> T {
        let this = ManuallyDrop::new(self);
        let inline = Self::is_inline();

        // SAFETY: inline is correctly calculated and this function
        // consumes `self`
        unsafe { this.get_unchecked(inline) }
    }

    #[inline(always)]
    pub const fn is_inline() -> bool {
        // the value can be stored inline iff the size of T is equal or
        // smaller than the size of the boxed type and the alignment of the
        // boxed type is an integer multiple of the alignment of T
        mem::size_of::<T>() <= mem::size_of::<Box<MaybeUninit<T>>>()
            && mem::align_of::<Box<MaybeUninit<T>>>() % mem::align_of::<T>() == 0
    }

    pub fn new(value: T) -> Self {
        let inline = Self::is_inline();

        if inline {
            let mut this = MaybeUninit::new(Self(MaybeUninit::uninit()));
            unsafe {
                this.as_mut_ptr().cast::<T>().write(value);
                this.assume_init()
            }
        } else {
            Self(MaybeUninit::new(Box::new(value)))
        }
    }
}

impl<T> Drop for SmallBox<T> {
    fn drop(&mut self) {
        // drop contained value.
        drop(unsafe { self.get_unchecked(Self::is_inline()) });
    }
}

/// returns the number of available hardware threads, or 1 if it cannot be determined.
pub fn available_parallelism() -> usize {
    std::thread::available_parallelism()
        .map(|n| n.get())
        .unwrap_or(1)
}

#[repr(transparent)]
pub struct Send<T>(pub(self) T);

unsafe impl<T> core::marker::Send for Send<T> {}

impl<T> Deref for Send<T> {
    type Target = T;

    fn deref(&self) -> &Self::Target {
        &self.0
    }
}
impl<T> DerefMut for Send<T> {
    fn deref_mut(&mut self) -> &mut Self::Target {
        &mut self.0
    }
}

impl<T> Send<T> {
    pub unsafe fn new(value: T) -> Self {
        Self(value)
    }
}

pub fn unwrap_or_panic<T>(result: std::thread::Result<T>) -> T {
    match result {
        Ok(value) => value,
        Err(payload) => std::panic::resume_unwind(payload),
    }
}

#[cfg(test)]
mod tests {
    use super::*;

    #[test]
    fn tagged_ptr_zero_tag() {
        let ptr = Box::into_raw(Box::new(42u32));
        let tagged_ptr = TaggedAtomicPtr::<u32, 2>::new(ptr, 0);
        assert_eq!(tagged_ptr.tag(Ordering::Relaxed), 0);
        assert_eq!(tagged_ptr.ptr(Ordering::Relaxed).as_ptr(), ptr);

        unsafe {
            _ = Box::from_raw(ptr);
        }
    }

    #[test]
    fn tagged_ptr_exchange() {
        let ptr = Box::into_raw(Box::new(42u32));
        let tagged_ptr = TaggedAtomicPtr::<u32, 2>::new(ptr, 0b11);
        assert_eq!(tagged_ptr.tag(Ordering::Relaxed), 0b11);
        assert_eq!(tagged_ptr.ptr(Ordering::Relaxed).as_ptr(), ptr);

        assert_eq!(
            tagged_ptr
                .compare_exchange_tag(0b11, 0b10, Ordering::Relaxed, Ordering::Relaxed)
                .unwrap(),
            0b11
        );

        assert_eq!(tagged_ptr.tag(Ordering::Relaxed), 0b10);
        assert_eq!(tagged_ptr.ptr(Ordering::Relaxed).as_ptr(), ptr);

        unsafe {
            _ = Box::from_raw(ptr);
        }
    }

    #[test]
    fn value_inline() {
        assert!(SmallBox::<u32>::is_inline(), "u32 should be inline");
        assert!(SmallBox::<u8>::is_inline(), "u8 should be inline");
        assert!(
            SmallBox::<Box<u32>>::is_inline(),
            "Box<u32> should be inline"
        );
        assert!(
            SmallBox::<[u32; 2]>::is_inline(),
            "[u32; 2] should be inline"
        );
        assert!(
            !SmallBox::<[u32; 3]>::is_inline(),
            "[u32; 3] should not be inline"
        );
        assert!(SmallBox::<usize>::is_inline(), "usize should be inline");

        #[repr(C, align(16))]
        struct LargeType(u8);
        assert!(
            !SmallBox::<LargeType>::is_inline(),
            "LargeType should not be inline"
        );

        #[repr(C, align(4))]
        struct SmallType(u8);
        assert!(
            SmallBox::<SmallType>::is_inline(),
            "SmallType should be inline"
        );
    }
}