use core::{
    marker::PhantomData,
    sync::atomic::{AtomicUsize, Ordering},
};
use std::{
    cell::UnsafeCell,
    mem,
    ops::DerefMut,
    sync::{
        Arc,
        atomic::{AtomicPtr, AtomicU8},
    },
};

use parking_lot::{Condvar, Mutex};

use crate::{WorkerThread, context::Context};

pub trait Latch {
    unsafe fn set_raw(this: *const Self);
}

pub trait Probe {
    fn probe(&self) -> bool;
}

pub type CoreLatch = AtomicLatch;
pub trait AsCoreLatch {
    fn as_core_latch(&self) -> &CoreLatch;
}

#[derive(Debug)]
pub struct AtomicLatch {
    inner: AtomicU8,
}

impl AtomicLatch {
    pub const UNSET: u8 = 0;
    pub const SET: u8 = 1;
    pub const SLEEPING: u8 = 2;
    pub const WAKEUP: u8 = 4;
    pub const HEARTBEAT: u8 = 8;

    #[inline]
    pub const fn new() -> Self {
        Self {
            inner: AtomicU8::new(Self::UNSET),
        }
    }

    pub const fn new_set() -> Self {
        Self {
            inner: AtomicU8::new(Self::SET),
        }
    }

    #[inline]
    pub fn unset(&self) {
        self.inner.fetch_and(!Self::SET, Ordering::Release);
    }

    pub fn reset(&self) -> u8 {
        self.inner.swap(Self::UNSET, Ordering::Release)
    }

    pub fn get(&self) -> u8 {
        self.inner.load(Ordering::Acquire)
    }

    pub fn poll_heartbeat(&self) -> bool {
        self.inner.fetch_and(!Self::HEARTBEAT, Ordering::Relaxed) & Self::HEARTBEAT
            == Self::HEARTBEAT
    }

    /// returns true if the latch was already set.
    pub fn set_sleeping(&self) -> bool {
        self.inner.fetch_or(Self::SLEEPING, Ordering::Relaxed) & Self::SET == Self::SET
    }

    pub fn is_sleeping(&self) -> bool {
        self.inner.load(Ordering::Relaxed) & Self::SLEEPING == Self::SLEEPING
    }

    pub fn is_heartbeat(&self) -> bool {
        self.inner.load(Ordering::Relaxed) & Self::HEARTBEAT == Self::HEARTBEAT
    }

    pub fn is_wakeup(&self) -> bool {
        self.inner.load(Ordering::Relaxed) & Self::WAKEUP == Self::WAKEUP
    }

    pub fn is_set(&self) -> bool {
        self.inner.load(Ordering::Relaxed) & Self::SET == Self::SET
    }

    pub fn set_wakeup(&self) {
        self.inner.fetch_or(Self::WAKEUP, Ordering::Relaxed);
    }

    pub fn set_heartbeat(&self) {
        self.inner.fetch_or(Self::HEARTBEAT, Ordering::Relaxed);
    }

    /// returns true if the latch was previously sleeping.
    #[inline]
    pub unsafe fn set(this: *const Self) -> bool {
        unsafe {
            let old = (*this).inner.fetch_or(Self::SET, Ordering::Relaxed);
            old & Self::SLEEPING == Self::SLEEPING
        }
    }
}

impl Latch for AtomicLatch {
    #[inline]
    unsafe fn set_raw(this: *const Self) {
        unsafe {
            Self::set(this);
        }
    }
}

impl Probe for AtomicLatch {
    #[inline]
    fn probe(&self) -> bool {
        self.inner.load(Ordering::Relaxed) & Self::SET != 0
    }
}
impl AsCoreLatch for AtomicLatch {
    #[inline]
    fn as_core_latch(&self) -> &CoreLatch {
        self
    }
}

pub struct LatchRef<'a, L: Latch> {
    inner: *const L,
    _marker: PhantomData<&'a L>,
}

impl<'a, L: Latch> LatchRef<'a, L> {
    #[inline]
    pub const fn new(latch: &'a L) -> Self {
        Self {
            inner: latch,
            _marker: PhantomData,
        }
    }
}

impl<'a, L: Latch> Latch for LatchRef<'a, L> {
    #[inline]
    unsafe fn set_raw(this: *const Self) {
        unsafe {
            let this = &*this;
            Latch::set_raw(this.inner);
        }
    }
}

impl<'a, L: Latch + Probe> Probe for LatchRef<'a, L> {
    #[inline]
    fn probe(&self) -> bool {
        unsafe {
            let this = &*self.inner;
            Probe::probe(this)
        }
    }
}

impl<'a, L> AsCoreLatch for LatchRef<'a, L>
where
    L: Latch + AsCoreLatch,
{
    #[inline]
    fn as_core_latch(&self) -> &CoreLatch {
        unsafe {
            let this = &*self.inner;
            this.as_core_latch()
        }
    }
}

pub struct NopLatch;

impl Latch for NopLatch {
    #[inline]
    unsafe fn set_raw(_this: *const Self) {
        // do nothing
    }
}

impl Probe for NopLatch {
    #[inline]
    fn probe(&self) -> bool {
        false // always returns false
    }
}

pub struct CountLatch {
    count: AtomicUsize,
    inner: AtomicPtr<WorkerLatch>,
}

impl CountLatch {
    #[inline]
    pub const fn new(inner: *const WorkerLatch) -> Self {
        Self {
            count: AtomicUsize::new(0),
            inner: AtomicPtr::new(inner as *mut WorkerLatch),
        }
    }

    pub fn set_inner(&self, inner: *const WorkerLatch) {
        self.inner
            .store(inner as *mut WorkerLatch, Ordering::Relaxed);
    }

    pub fn count(&self) -> usize {
        self.count.load(Ordering::Relaxed)
    }

    #[inline]
    pub fn increment(&self) {
        self.count.fetch_add(1, Ordering::Release);
    }

    #[inline]
    pub fn decrement(&self) {
        unsafe {
            Latch::set_raw(self);
        }
    }
}

impl Latch for CountLatch {
    #[inline]
    unsafe fn set_raw(this: *const Self) {
        unsafe {
            if (&*this).count.fetch_sub(1, Ordering::Relaxed) == 1 {
                tracing::trace!("CountLatch set_raw: count was 1, setting inner latch");
                // If the count was 1, we need to set the inner latch.
                let inner = (*this).inner.load(Ordering::Relaxed);
                if !inner.is_null() {
                    (&*inner).wake();
                }
            }
        }
    }
}

impl Probe for CountLatch {
    #[inline]
    fn probe(&self) -> bool {
        self.count.load(Ordering::Relaxed) == 0
    }
}

pub struct MutexLatch {
    inner: AtomicLatch,
    lock: Mutex<()>,
    condvar: Condvar,
}

unsafe impl Send for MutexLatch {}
unsafe impl Sync for MutexLatch {}

#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq)]
pub(crate) enum WakeResult {
    Wake,
    Heartbeat,
    Set,
}

impl MutexLatch {
    #[inline]
    pub const fn new() -> Self {
        Self {
            inner: AtomicLatch::new(),
            lock: Mutex::new(()),
            condvar: Condvar::new(),
        }
    }

    #[inline]
    pub fn reset(&self) {
        let _guard = self.lock.lock();
        // SAFETY: inner is atomic, so we can safely access it.
        self.inner.reset();
    }

    pub fn wait_and_reset(&self) {
        // SAFETY: inner is locked by the mutex, so we can safely access it.
        let mut guard = self.lock.lock();
        while !self.inner.probe() {
            self.condvar.wait(&mut guard);
        }

        self.inner.reset();
    }

    pub fn set(&self) {
        unsafe {
            Latch::set_raw(self);
        }
    }
}

impl Latch for MutexLatch {
    #[inline]
    unsafe fn set_raw(this: *const Self) {
        // SAFETY: `this` is valid until the guard is dropped.
        unsafe {
            let this = &*this;
            let _guard = this.lock.lock();
            Latch::set_raw(&this.inner);
            this.condvar.notify_all();
        }
    }
}

impl Probe for MutexLatch {
    #[inline]
    fn probe(&self) -> bool {
        let _guard = self.lock.lock();
        // SAFETY: inner is atomic, so we can safely access it.
        self.inner.probe()
    }
}

impl AsCoreLatch for MutexLatch {
    #[inline]
    fn as_core_latch(&self) -> &CoreLatch {
        // SAFETY: inner is atomic, so we can safely access it.
        self.inner.as_core_latch()
    }
}

// The worker waits on this latch whenever it has nothing to do.
pub struct WorkerLatch {
    // this boolean is set when the worker is waiting.
    mutex: Mutex<bool>,
    condvar: AtomicUsize,
}

impl WorkerLatch {
    pub fn new() -> Self {
        Self {
            mutex: Mutex::new(false),
            condvar: AtomicUsize::new(0),
        }
    }
    pub fn lock(&self) {
        mem::forget(self.mutex.lock());
    }
    pub fn unlock(&self) {
        unsafe {
            self.mutex.force_unlock();
        }
    }

    pub fn wait(&self) {
        let condvar = &self.condvar;
        let mut guard = self.mutex.lock();

        Self::wait_internal(condvar, &mut guard);
    }

    fn wait_internal(condvar: &AtomicUsize, guard: &mut parking_lot::MutexGuard<'_, bool>) {
        let mutex = parking_lot::MutexGuard::mutex(guard);
        let key = condvar as *const _ as usize;
        let lock_addr = mutex as *const _ as usize;
        let mut requeued = false;

        let state = unsafe { AtomicUsize::from_ptr(condvar as *const _ as *mut usize) };

        **guard = true; // set the mutex to true to indicate that the worker is waiting

        unsafe {
            parking_lot_core::park(
                key,
                || {
                    let old = state.load(Ordering::Relaxed);
                    if old == 0 {
                        state.store(lock_addr, Ordering::Relaxed);
                    } else if old != lock_addr {
                        return false;
                    }

                    true
                },
                || {
                    mutex.force_unlock();
                },
                |k, was_last_thread| {
                    requeued = k != key;
                    if !requeued && was_last_thread {
                        state.store(0, Ordering::Relaxed);
                    }
                },
                parking_lot_core::DEFAULT_PARK_TOKEN,
                None,
            );
        }
        // relock

        let mut new = mutex.lock();
        mem::swap(&mut new, guard);
        mem::forget(new); // forget the new guard to avoid dropping it

        **guard = false; // reset the mutex to false after waking up
    }

    fn wait_with_lock_internal<T>(&self, other: &mut parking_lot::MutexGuard<'_, T>) {
        let key = &self.condvar as *const _ as usize;
        let lock_addr = &self.mutex as *const _ as usize;
        let mut requeued = false;

        let mut guard = self.mutex.lock();

        let state = unsafe { AtomicUsize::from_ptr(&self.condvar as *const _ as *mut usize) };

        *guard = true; // set the mutex to true to indicate that the worker is waiting

        unsafe {
            let token = parking_lot_core::park(
                key,
                || {
                    let old = state.load(Ordering::Relaxed);
                    if old == 0 {
                        state.store(lock_addr, Ordering::Relaxed);
                    } else if old != lock_addr {
                        return false;
                    }

                    true
                },
                || {
                    drop(guard); // drop the guard to release the lock
                    parking_lot::MutexGuard::mutex(&other).force_unlock();
                },
                |k, was_last_thread| {
                    requeued = k != key;
                    if !requeued && was_last_thread {
                        state.store(0, Ordering::Relaxed);
                    }
                },
                parking_lot_core::DEFAULT_PARK_TOKEN,
                None,
            );

            tracing::trace!(
                "WorkerLatch wait_with_lock_internal: unparked with token {:?}",
                token
            );
        }
        // relock
        let mut other2 = parking_lot::MutexGuard::mutex(&other).lock();
        tracing::trace!("WorkerLatch wait_with_lock_internal: relocked other");

        // because `other` is logically unlocked, we swap it with `other2` and then forget `other2`
        core::mem::swap(&mut *other2, &mut *other);
        core::mem::forget(other2);

        let mut guard = self.mutex.lock();
        tracing::trace!("WorkerLatch wait_with_lock_internal: relocked self");

        *guard = false; // reset the mutex to false after waking up
    }

    pub fn wait_with_lock<T>(&self, other: &mut parking_lot::MutexGuard<'_, T>) {
        self.wait_with_lock_internal(other);
    }

    pub fn wait_with_lock_while<T, F>(&self, other: &mut parking_lot::MutexGuard<'_, T>, mut f: F)
    where
        F: FnMut(&mut T) -> bool,
    {
        while f(other.deref_mut()) {
            self.wait_with_lock_internal(other);
        }
    }

    pub fn wait_until<F, T>(&self, mut f: F) -> T
    where
        F: FnMut() -> Option<T>,
    {
        let mut guard = self.mutex.lock();
        loop {
            if let Some(result) = f() {
                return result;
            }
            Self::wait_internal(&self.condvar, &mut guard);
        }
    }

    pub fn is_waiting(&self) -> bool {
        *self.mutex.lock()
    }

    fn notify(&self) {
        let key = &self.condvar as *const _ as usize;

        unsafe {
            let n = parking_lot_core::unpark_all(key, parking_lot_core::DEFAULT_UNPARK_TOKEN);
            tracing::trace!("WorkerLatch notify_one: unparked {} threads", n);
        }
    }

    pub fn wake(&self) {
        self.notify();
    }
}

#[cfg(test)]
mod tests {
    use std::{ptr, sync::Barrier};

    use tracing_test::traced_test;

    use super::*;

    #[test]
    #[cfg_attr(not(miri), traced_test)]
    fn worker_latch() {
        let latch = Arc::new(WorkerLatch::new());
        let barrier = Arc::new(Barrier::new(2));
        let mutex = Arc::new(parking_lot::Mutex::new(false));

        let count = Arc::new(AtomicUsize::new(0));

        let thread = std::thread::spawn({
            let latch = latch.clone();
            let mutex = mutex.clone();
            let barrier = barrier.clone();
            let count = count.clone();

            move || {
                tracing::info!("Thread waiting on barrier");
                let mut guard = mutex.lock();
                barrier.wait();

                tracing::info!("Thread waiting on latch");
                latch.wait_with_lock(&mut guard);
                count.fetch_add(1, Ordering::Relaxed);
                tracing::info!("Thread woke up from latch");
                barrier.wait();
                tracing::info!("Thread finished waiting on barrier");
                count.fetch_add(1, Ordering::Relaxed);
            }
        });

        assert!(!latch.is_waiting(), "Latch should not be waiting yet");
        barrier.wait();
        tracing::info!("Main thread finished waiting on barrier");
        // lock mutex and notify the thread that isn't yet waiting.
        {
            let guard = mutex.lock();
            tracing::info!("Main thread acquired mutex, waking up thread");
            assert!(latch.is_waiting(), "Latch should be waiting now");

            latch.wake();
            tracing::info!("Main thread woke up thread");
        }
        assert_eq!(count.load(Ordering::Relaxed), 0, "Count should still be 0");
        barrier.wait();
        assert_eq!(
            count.load(Ordering::Relaxed),
            1,
            "Count should be 1 after waking up"
        );

        thread.join().expect("Thread should join successfully");
        assert_eq!(
            count.load(Ordering::Relaxed),
            2,
            "Count should be 2 after thread has finished"
        );
    }

    #[test]
    fn test_atomic_latch() {
        let latch = AtomicLatch::new();
        assert_eq!(latch.get(), AtomicLatch::UNSET);
        unsafe {
            assert!(!latch.probe());
            AtomicLatch::set_raw(&latch);
        }
        assert_eq!(latch.get(), AtomicLatch::SET);
        assert!(latch.probe());
        latch.unset();
        assert_eq!(latch.get(), AtomicLatch::UNSET);
    }

    #[test]
    fn core_latch_sleep() {
        let latch = AtomicLatch::new();
        assert_eq!(latch.get(), AtomicLatch::UNSET);
        latch.set_sleeping();
        assert_eq!(latch.get(), AtomicLatch::SLEEPING);
        unsafe {
            assert!(!latch.probe());
            assert!(AtomicLatch::set(&latch));
        }
        assert_eq!(latch.get(), AtomicLatch::SET | AtomicLatch::SLEEPING);
        assert!(latch.probe());
        latch.reset();
        assert_eq!(latch.get(), AtomicLatch::UNSET);
    }

    #[test]
    fn nop_latch() {
        assert!(
            core::mem::size_of::<NopLatch>() == 0,
            "NopLatch should be zero-sized"
        );
    }

    #[test]
    fn count_latch() {
        let latch = CountLatch::new(ptr::null());
        assert_eq!(latch.count(), 0);
        latch.increment();
        assert_eq!(latch.count(), 1);
        assert!(!latch.probe());
        latch.increment();
        assert_eq!(latch.count(), 2);
        assert!(!latch.probe());

        unsafe {
            Latch::set_raw(&latch);
        }
        assert!(!latch.probe());
        assert_eq!(latch.count(), 1);

        unsafe {
            Latch::set_raw(&latch);
        }
        assert!(latch.probe());
        assert_eq!(latch.count(), 0);
    }

    #[test]
    #[traced_test]
    fn mutex_latch() {
        let latch = Arc::new(MutexLatch::new());
        assert!(!latch.probe());
        latch.set();
        assert!(latch.probe());
        latch.reset();
        assert!(!latch.probe());

        // Test wait functionality
        let latch_clone = latch.clone();
        let handle = std::thread::spawn(move || {
            tracing::info!("Thread waiting on latch");
            latch_clone.wait_and_reset();
            tracing::info!("Thread woke up from latch");
        });

        // Give the thread time to block
        std::thread::sleep(std::time::Duration::from_millis(100));
        assert!(!latch.probe());

        tracing::info!("Setting latch from main thread");
        latch.set();
        tracing::info!("Latch set, joining waiting thread");
        handle.join().expect("Thread should join successfully");
    }
}